<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">Todd:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Thanks for the comment. I urge readers to visit <a href="https://www.silverfire.us/" class="">https://www.silverfire.us/</a>. Some nice looking designs.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>I can’t quite accept your message below (and one from Crispin that we received 1:23 hours later). You are both using the terms primary and secondary in a different (not wrong - just different) sense from those of us interested in char-making. We char-makers (or at least the TLUD design - Nat Mulcahy and World Stove have a still different meaning to this nomenclature) use primary air (meaning oxygen) as something that is totally depleted at/near the pyrolysis front. No oxygen in the exiting pyrolysis gases, where they are met by secondary air (oxygen). </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>I am pretty sure you and Crispin (who is also discussing char-using stoves) do not mean the above. Rather “primary” means plenty of air (controllable to a minimum degree) to both create and consume char. Your and most Rockets (regardless of pre-heating) find char to be a defect; you would have preferred to consume it, I believe. (I’d love to hear that you welcome the char.) So your “secondary” is to be sure that the “small” amount of uncombusted gases leaving the fuel bed are combusted. I am NOT disputing your phrase below (“Secondary combustion <i class="">is possible </i>with a rocket stove”). I am only saying that secondary air is mandatory with TLUDs, and has a totally different function than “primary” air. Most of your primary air consumes char.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The dialog between Paul and myself below on secondary air is different than your own explanation below on its preheating.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Do we agree that the terms “primary” and “secondary” have very different meanings in these two different parts of the stove world?</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Ron</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Dec 9, 2017, at 12:32 AM, Todd Albi <<a href="mailto:todd.r.albi@gmail.com" class="">todd.r.albi@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">Ron:<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Not quite correct. Secondary combustion<i class=""> is possible</i> with a rocket stove. Our Survivor Rocket stove launched 5 years ago introduced preheated ventilation ductwork at launch. In fact we only offer a primary & secondary combustion design rocket stove. Thats why our stove incorporates 360 degree ventilation through base of stove, tied to ventilation ductwork behind combustion chamber walls. The double insulated walls allow preheated air to travel behind firebox and mix at chimney base, before exiting cooktop. Others have also now added preheated channels and secondary gasification to rocket stoves. It is not an inclusive to TLUD designs and can be adapted to any stove firebox. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""><span id="cid:ii_jaz0kpo72_1603a288c2889d3f"><Snow Pair Fire.jpg></span><br class="">SilverFire Rocket stove on left & Hunter Chimney TLUD stove on right.<br class=""> </div><div class="">Todd Albi, SilverFire</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Dec 8, 2017 at 8:52 PM, Ronal W. Larson <span dir="ltr" class=""><<a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net" target="_blank" class="">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>></span> wrote:<br class=""><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word" class=""><div class="">Paul:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="m_-3565158579685143792Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>Yes on your item #1. My first response forgot about preheating secondary air - which is why I quickly added this point; heating secondary air is a big fuel conservation advantage. Generally not possible with rocket stoves - or even charcoal cookers. If not used for heating secondary air, that energy would have been just another loss mechanism.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="m_-3565158579685143792Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>Yes also on your #2. I suspected their problem with a concrete inner cylinder was related to the secondary holes.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="m_-3565158579685143792Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>But I think (not mentioned earlier) that there may be satisfactory ways to use only a single concrete cylinder and still get preheating of the secondary air. I’m thinking of some vertical piping or tubing - maybe in the concrete. It is not obvious that two cylinders must be used. Which is I guess your point.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="m_-3565158579685143792Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>Re #3, if meant for me - I can probably find a way to get coconut husks/shells from some local restaurants - but better to ask others than myself. I am trying these days to defend biochar against other CDR approaches on 3 or 4 other internet lists . So not much time left for stoves - or experimenting with char in ground or elsewhere. </div><div class=""><span class="m_-3565158579685143792Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span></div><div class=""><span class="m_-3565158579685143792Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>Tremendous ignorance remains about biochar; the very positive Bangladesh soil experience will be very helpful in defending biochar, however produced. And, of course, in advancing TLUD technology. I’m writing about this elsewhere right now.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Ron</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><br class=""><div class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Dec 7, 2017, at 6:51 AM, Paul Anderson <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank" class="">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br class="m_-3565158579685143792Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="">
<div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="">
Ron,<br class="">
<br class="">
About the concrete inner (fuel) cylinder. Hard to be sure without
actually observing it, but I suspect that:<br class="">
1. The thermal mass is estracting heat, meaning cooler gases inside
the chamber, with risk of insufficient temperature for ignition at
the top, especially when nearing the end of pyrolysis.<br class="">
<br class="">
2. Julien and Mahbubul can confirm about this: The concrete (or
ceramic) inner cylinder does not have any of the side holes (24 in
the metal version). Such holes allow for some "pilot light" effect
after the char level is below a hole. I imagine that small holes
would be very difficult to put into a concrete cylinder. However,
maybe 3 or 6 holes could be created at strategic locations (to be
discussed). They could be created in the following way:<br class="">
When the concrete is being poured (or soon after), place
something like round toothpicks (about 2 mm size??) across the
concrete, sticking out both sides. (might be at a place in the
mould with holes that would leak concrete/water except that they
would soon be "plugged" with the toothpicks. When the piece is
dried, and used for the first time (or two or three times) the wood
would burn out (or be drilled out or poked out), leaving the desired
hole.<br class="">
Alternatively, do the same with larger diameter pieces like
chopsticks. If the holes are too large (to be determined by
experimentation), then they might be plugges slightly (in a variety
of ways.).<br class="">
<br class="">
First, let's get more understanding of the 24 "pilot light" holes in
the metal version.<br class="">
<br class="">
3. How much supply of coconut shells (hard part) is there in your
zone?<br class="">
<br class="">
Paul<br class="">
<br class="">
<pre class="m_-3565158579685143792moz-signature" cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a class="m_-3565158579685143792moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: <a href="tel:(309)%20452-7072" value="+13094527072" target="_blank" class="">+1-309-452-7072</a>
Website: <a class="m_-3565158579685143792moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com/" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div class="m_-3565158579685143792moz-cite-prefix">On 12/6/2017 11:55 PM, Ronal W. Larson
wrote:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">Julien cc List</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><span class="m_-3565158579685143792Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>Thanks
for the answers below. Good to hear that both users with and
without land see value in making char. No new questions, two
comments</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><span class="m_-3565158579685143792Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>1.
Re a concrete inner cylinder, you said below “..<i class="">but
their smoke-free combustion was less reliable, and there were
some gas burner issues to solve. “</i></div>
<div class="">It is not obvious to me why either concern should
occur, so I hope stovers everywhere could try this out. Seems
likely to be cheaper (can even maybe cast in place) and
hopefully longer lived. We know usual cheap steel has a limited
life and the best steels are likely both not readily available
and expensive.</div>
<div class=""><span class="m_-3565158579685143792Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>I
forgot to congratulate on the two metal swinging “doors” at the
bottom. Nice solution.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><span class="m_-3565158579685143792Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>2.
Re fuels, the biochar list has had quite a lot of recent
discussion of “blue biochar” - where the source material is kelp
or other seaweeds. Bangladesh is possibly already in that
business, because of its ocean proximity. This could be a
source of employment and a way to save forests while having a
feedstock that should bring back needed minerals and fertilizer
value. Beating the price of wooden blocks seems possible.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Ron</div>
</blockquote></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></blockquote><br class=""></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><snipped message from Julien not on this topic - to save badwidth></div><br class=""></body></html>