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<p><font size="+1">Dear Crispin, <br>
</font></p>
<p><font size="+1">Hugh is working on a process of making char at
much lower temperatures than 450c. As in the past his work
reorganizes the molecules in my brain as it is necessary to step
back with something new to learn. </font><br>
</p>
Regrds<br>
<br>
Frank<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 12/14/17 11:47 AM, Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott wrote:<br>
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Dear Frank</div>
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<br>
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Your mention of the rapid heating affecting the result is
mentioned in one of the papers I referenced. There is a
difference in what happens and you have confirmed it. </div>
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<br>
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If the biomass is heated rapidly through 360, let's say from
outside through the wall of a steel tube, then the release of
heat will en enough to cause thermal runaway until all the
biomass is processed, say at 390 C. </div>
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<br>
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Your description of the experiment is exactly what will
demonstrate what the TGA analysis did: that the temperature
inside the pipe will rise above the temperature in the oven. </div>
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<br>
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As you said, this can only happen if there is heat generated by
a process inside. That necessarily involves re-ordering the
chemistry. </div>
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<br>
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At different temperatures different things happenı. Note the
spike at 800 C on one chart. That is a big energy release so
something is being converted to something else. </div>
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<br>
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It is also interesting that there is a significant absorption of
energy by the biomass at 320. I have never heard of that
phenomenon before. Food absorbs quite a bit of energy when
cooked, usually between 85 and 105 C. Just right for boiling
water. How convenient. </div>
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<br>
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Crispin </div>
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<p><font size="+1">Andrew,</font></p>
<p><font size="+1">A pipe filled with sand, purged with N2 and
temperature probe placed inside and placed in a furnace,-
the temperature should lag behind the oven temperature as
the heat slowly goes into the pipe. The temperature of
biomass inside the pipe should also lag behind unless heat
is produced inside from the biomass. I will not be permitted
to drill two holes through the furnace wall to test this
out. But I think the experiment would show if Oxygen in the
biomass structure already reacted with surrounded C and H
would free up and increase heat as a secondary 'structure
shift'(?) occurs.
<br>
</font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><br>
</font></p>
<p><font size="+1">When charring biomass at increasing
temperatures (450c to 900c in 50deg increments) it needs to
be done very slowly or fire happens and a run-a-way
temperature ruining the experiment. The char produced is
used to plot Activity to find the optimum temperature for
highest activity char. This heated slowly to allow the gases
to escape and dilute below concentrations supporting
combustion.
<br>
</font></p>
<p><font size="+1">I don't have equipment for gas analysis. The
lab I now work in is very small using cheap equipment. It
can do all I would want for biomass testing (Box-1) and a
lab like it could be set up anywhere.
<br>
</font></p>
<p><font size="+1">Regards</font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><br>
</font></p>
<p><font size="+1">Frank<br>
</font></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 12/14/17 8:28 AM, Andrew Heggie
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr"><br>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On 13 December 2017 at 05:43,
Frank Shields <span dir="ltr">
<<a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">franke@cruzio.com</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px
0px 0.8ex; border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);
padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<p><font size="+1">This is an interesting topic and
one i have wondered about. When packing hard a
pipe with biomass then flushing with N2 then
placing in an oven to heat from the outside to a
temperature to 550c a lot of gases come out the
small hole at the end. That will ignite if the
door is opened and O2 contact. I have wondered
if any heat is being produced in the pipe
itself? or all from external heat? If there is
it can't be much because the temperature
advances at a continuous rate. Should you see
the temperature jump well above 550c its because
air leaked in to the furnace and there is a
flame.
<br>
</font></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><font size="+1">Frank it is interesting what you
seem to be showing when opening the door is that the
pyrolysis offgas coming out of the hole is above its
auotignition point. What would be relevant to the
current discussion is :</font></div>
<div><font size="+1">1 the temperature variation inside
the tube <br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="+1"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="+1">2 the varying analysis of the
composition of offgas as the tube heats up.</font></div>
<div><font size="+1"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="+1">Andrew</font><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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Frank Shields
444 Main Street Apt. 4205
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