<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)"><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
        {font-family:"Cambria Math";
        panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
        {font-family:Calibri;
        panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
        {margin:0cm;
        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
        font-size:11.0pt;
        font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
        {mso-style-priority:99;
        color:blue;
        text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
        {mso-style-priority:99;
        color:purple;
        text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
        {mso-style-priority:34;
        margin-top:0cm;
        margin-right:0cm;
        margin-bottom:0cm;
        margin-left:36.0pt;
        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
        font-size:11.0pt;
        font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle18
        {mso-style-type:personal-compose;
        font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
        color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
        {mso-style-type:export-only;
        font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
        {size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
        margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt;}
div.WordSection1
        {page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
        {mso-list-id:1445462134;
        mso-list-type:hybrid;
        mso-list-template-ids:-1438341910 67895297 67895299 67895301 67895297 67895299 67895301 67895297 67895299 67895301;}
@list l0:level1
        {mso-level-number-format:bullet;
        mso-level-text:\F0B7;
        mso-level-tab-stop:none;
        mso-level-number-position:left;
        text-indent:-18.0pt;
        font-family:Symbol;}
@list l0:level2
        {mso-level-tab-stop:72.0pt;
        mso-level-number-position:left;
        text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level3
        {mso-level-tab-stop:108.0pt;
        mso-level-number-position:left;
        text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level4
        {mso-level-tab-stop:144.0pt;
        mso-level-number-position:left;
        text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level5
        {mso-level-tab-stop:180.0pt;
        mso-level-number-position:left;
        text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level6
        {mso-level-tab-stop:216.0pt;
        mso-level-number-position:left;
        text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level7
        {mso-level-tab-stop:252.0pt;
        mso-level-number-position:left;
        text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level8
        {mso-level-tab-stop:288.0pt;
        mso-level-number-position:left;
        text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level9
        {mso-level-tab-stop:324.0pt;
        mso-level-number-position:left;
        text-indent:-18.0pt;}
ol
        {margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
        {margin-bottom:0cm;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=FR link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>Dear Nikhil, Ron,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Nikhil, this is probably the third time you are asking me that same question:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>« What are the proofs that the WBT did harm anybody? »<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>And my answer hasn’t changed, so I’ll tell you for the third time: « I have no proof, there are no proofs, because it has never been studied ».<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Ask me that same question again, I’ll answer the same thing.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>If you have 30.5 million dollars from the Gates Foundation to do a 5-year longitudinal study, please be my guest and lead the way.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>And let’s wait for the report conclusions to contemplate if maybe we should act.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>In the absence of that, we need to think carefully, and act carefully. But we need to act.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Nikhil, Ron, it’s my turn to ask you questions:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         </span></span></span><![endif]>There’s a loophole in the emission testing system of Volkswagen. It allows cheating. But, you say we have no way to clearly know how emissions are harmful to the population. So, we shouldn’t care if the engine is clean or not, and if the test is unreliable or not, because we don’t know the effects of emissions on health anyways.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:35.4pt'>So should we change the system or not? Should we ask Volkswagen to use a testing system that is reliable?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         </span></span></span><![endif]>The NASA realize some of its calculations basically find that 1 + 1 = 3. Those calculations are actually present in many of their research projects, for various technologies. But they have no way to know how much impact it had on the projects, because the projects are still going, there are technologies being developed, all is seemingly quite fine.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph>Should the mistake be corrected or not?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>I have an other question for both of you:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>         </span></span></span><![endif]>How do you measure the impact of the unreliability of the WBT? Do you have a methodology?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Best,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><br>Xavier<o:p></o:p></p></div><div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br /> <table style="border-top: 1px solid #D3D4DE;">
        <tr>
      <td style="width: 55px; padding-top: 18px;"><a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank"><img src="https://ipmcdn.avast.com/images/icons/icon-envelope-tick-round-orange-animated-no-repeat-v1.gif" alt="" width="46" height="29" style="width: 46px; height: 29px;" /></a></td>
                <td style="width: 470px; padding-top: 17px; color: #41424e; font-size: 13px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">Garanti sans virus. <a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank" style="color: #4453ea;">www.avast.com</a>               </td>
        </tr>
</table>
<a href="#DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2" width="1" height="1"> </a></div></body></html>