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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">As per my previous email, please see the clarification below:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">“In the email below I am referring to the HHV or LHV reported efficiency, not the calorific value. If LHV efficiency is 90% then HHV efficiency is <84% dependent on moisture content.
You are right that if we are referring to calorific value in MJ/kg then HHV is always greater than LHV, on either a consistent wet or dry basis. This is also a function of moisture content if expressed on a wet basis and can vary widely.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Please let me know if this makes sense or if further clarification is required.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Philip Lloyd [mailto:plloyd@mweb.co.za]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> December 18, 2017 9:39 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'; Law, Steven (MOECC)<br>
<b>Cc:</b> mhatech@yahoogroups.com; Sauve, Terrence (OMAFRA); 'John Ackerly'<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Stoves] Top lit updraft combustors<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">“Just remember that HHV is always less than LHV, and anything above 100% is WRONG and cannot possibly conserve energy
or mass and is therefore unscientific.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">HHV stands for Higher Heating Value; LHV stands for Lower Heating Value, so, to the contrary, HHV is always > LHV by
definition. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">The units in SI are MJ/kg; any report of HHV or LHV in % is wrong.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Philip Lloyd</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Stoves [<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Norbert Senf<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, December 18, 2017 6:43 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Law, Steven (MOECC)<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:mhatech@yahoogroups.com">mhatech@yahoogroups.com</a>; Sauve, Terrence (OMAFRA); John Ackerly; Discussion of biomass<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Top lit updraft combustors<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-ZA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="EN-ZA">Thanks, Steven. That's great.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-ZA">Our experience with domestic-scale cordwood in masonry heaters (50 lb batches @20% moisture) is that the "boiling of water" or latent heat loss is typically in the 13% range, using the Condar spreadsheet HHV calculation
<a href="http://heatkit.com/docs/condar.PDF">heatkit.com/docs/condar.PDF</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-ZA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-ZA">On Mon, Dec 18, 2017 at 11:24 AM, Law, Steven (MOECC) <<a href="mailto:Steven.Law@ontario.ca" target="_blank">Steven.Law@ontario.ca</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Hello all,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I have finally completed a proper study of reporting efficiency using LHV and HHV. It was much more complicated than
I thought it would be, and now I know why this is such a mess!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Just remember that HHV is always less than LHV, and anything above 100% is WRONG and cannot possibly conserve energy
or mass and is therefore unscientific.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">When an LHV efficiency from Europe is 90% (which is actually a reasonable number), the HHV efficiency is a maximum of
84% or usually less, depending on the moisture content of the wood fuel and is more typically 75-80%. This is important, HHV efficiency is extremely dependent on fuel moisture whereas LHV is less so, but only for non-condensing boilers.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Again, this is for non-condensing combustion devices, because when you throw in high efficiency condensing heat recovery
all the numbers get screwy and LHV no longer applies. Everything has to be re-done for condensing boilers and only HHV can be used, I will repeat LHV cannot be used for anything where condensation of the flue gas occurs in the heat recovery device!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I think I have a proper engineering calculation procedure mapped out to deal with all of the above issues and I will
begin to roll this out a little bit at a time since I need to review it again before sending anything out. It is a scientific method that is based on conservation of mass and energy and I hope that this new calculation procedure will help to solve some current
problems in the industry.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Best regards, Steven</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-ZA">-- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-ZA">Norbert Senf<br>
Masonry Stove Builders<br>
25 Brouse Road, RR 5<br>
Shawville Québec J0X 2Y0<br>
819.647.5092<br>
<a href="http://www.heatkit.com" target="_blank">www.heatkit.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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