<div dir="auto">It is not necessary to use wood as cooking fuel.  Our organisation has shown how to make charcoal briquettes from light biomass like fallen leaves and agricultural residues. See <a href="http://www.samuchit.com">www.samuchit.com</a>. yours A.D.Karve</div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On 01-Mar-2018 14:45, "Cookswell Jikos" <<a href="mailto:cookswelljikos@gmail.com">cookswelljikos@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br type="attribution"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div>

<p style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:0px 0px 17px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:12.544px;line-height:1.4;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">''After poring over the literature, Mendum and Njenga reported that little previous empirical research into wood burning in sub-Saharan Africa has been conducted, so policy makers have scant data to guide them in formulating best practices for sustainable biomass production and consumption. In their study, published this month in Facets, they have some recommendations.</p><p style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:0px 0px 17px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:12.544px;line-height:1.4;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">They suggest creating financial policy to support wood-burning systems and developing agroforestry to ease the burden on wood gatherers. In rural areas, encourage the planting of trees and then pruning them to use the branches for firewood. As a result, more trees would be in place and people could care for trees and collect firewood on their own properties instead of carrying it long distances.</p><p style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:0px 0px 17px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:12.544px;line-height:1.4;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">"That means all the negative impacts of hauling wood on women's backs would be eliminated," Mendum said.</p><p style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:0px 0px 17px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:12.544px;line-height:1.4;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">They also recommend conducting more research on the complex issues that connect the use of women's time, environmental degradation and competition for agricultural nutrients. There are a host of other factors surrounding wood-fuel energy use in sub-Saharan Africa that remain poorly understood, Mendum said.</p><p style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:0px 0px 17px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:12.544px;line-height:1.4;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">This research gap will not be filled as long as wood-fuel use remains ignored because the assumption is being made that a 21st-century economy must move up the energy ladder, the researchers concluded. Wood fuel is widely used, it has a long history of use, and there are food cultural barriers, widespread poverty and daunting geographic conditions that make other forms of fuel unpopular or unavailable.</p><p style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:0px 0px 17px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:12.544px;line-height:1.4;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">"We shouldn't wait until we know the exact nutritional or agricultural productivity impacts of wood-fuel use—that's information that we may never have the capacity to fully collect," Mendum said. "It is important to expand the work being done on improving wood-<a href="https://phys.org/tags/fuel/" rel="tag" class="m_4710403261058458303gmail-textTag" style="color:rgb(49,61,87);outline:none 0px;text-decoration:none" target="_blank">fuel</a><span> </span>systems with clear attention paid to the impacts of such improvements on food security and agricultural productivity."</p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.544px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">Read more at:<span> </span></span><a href="https://phys.org/news/2018-02-wood-fuels-key-easing-food.html#jCp" style="color:rgb(49,61,87);outline:none 0px;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12.544px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" target="_blank">https://phys.org/news/<wbr>2018-02-wood-fuels-key-easing-<wbr>food.html#jCp</a>

<br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><br clear="all"><div><div class="m_4710403261058458303gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif">Teddy Kinyanjui</font></div><div><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif">Sustainability Director</font></div><div><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-3YUMG1TTODQ/Wh6o8gWfRmI/AAAAAAAAAyw/1bp5qqpvmwQwg5JXqL7hz-OLGSx5nSEXgCK8BGAs/s512/TK%2BEmail%2BLogo.jpg" width="200" height="100"><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif"><br></font><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial narrow, sans-serif">            <a href="https://www.facebook.com/CookswellJikos" target="_blank"><img src="https://images2.imgbox.com/97/28/BgG0H6ZN_o.png"></a>  <a href="https://www.instagram.com/cookswelljikos" target="_blank"><img src="https://images2.imgbox.com/54/7e/owicmXIG_o.png"></a>  <a href="https://twitter.com/cookswelljikos?lang=en" target="_blank"><img src="https://images2.imgbox.com/64/b1/oh4tfzkH_o.png"></a><br></font></div><div><b><br></b></div><div><div style="font-size:small"><br></div></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br><br><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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