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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>But what do you do if you like to cook over an open (“3-stone”) fire and there is only one type of wood flavor you like?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Philip<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Anand Karve<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, March 1, 2018 12:06 PM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] FWD: Wood fuels key to easing food insecurity situation in sub-Saharan Africa<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>It is not necessary to use wood as cooking fuel. Our organisation has shown how to make charcoal briquettes from light biomass like fallen leaves and agricultural residues. See <a href="http://www.samuchit.com">www.samuchit.com</a>. yours A.D.Karve<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 01-Mar-2018 14:45, "Cookswell Jikos" <<a href="mailto:cookswelljikos@gmail.com">cookswelljikos@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in'><div><div><p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px'><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>''After poring over the literature, Mendum and Njenga reported that little previous empirical research into wood burning in sub-Saharan Africa has been conducted, so policy makers have scant data to guide them in formulating best practices for sustainable biomass production and consumption. In their study, published this month in Facets, they have some recommendations.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px'><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>They suggest creating financial policy to support wood-burning systems and developing agroforestry to ease the burden on wood gatherers. In rural areas, encourage the planting of trees and then pruning them to use the branches for firewood. As a result, more trees would be in place and people could care for trees and collect firewood on their own properties instead of carrying it long distances.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px'><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>"That means all the negative impacts of hauling wood on women's backs would be eliminated," Mendum said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px'><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>They also recommend conducting more research on the complex issues that connect the use of women's time, environmental degradation and competition for agricultural nutrients. There are a host of other factors surrounding wood-fuel energy use in sub-Saharan Africa that remain poorly understood, Mendum said.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px'><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>This research gap will not be filled as long as wood-fuel use remains ignored because the assumption is being made that a 21st-century economy must move up the energy ladder, the researchers concluded. Wood fuel is widely used, it has a long history of use, and there are food cultural barriers, widespread poverty and daunting geographic conditions that make other forms of fuel unpopular or unavailable.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;word-spacing:0px'><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>"We shouldn't wait until we know the exact nutritional or agricultural productivity impacts of wood-fuel use—that's information that we may never have the capacity to fully collect," Mendum said. "It is important to expand the work being done on improving wood-<a href="https://phys.org/tags/fuel/" target="_blank"><span style='color:#313D57;text-decoration:none'>fuel</span></a> systems with clear attention paid to the impacts of such improvements on food security and agricultural productivity."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;background:white'>Read more at: </span><a href="https://phys.org/news/2018-02-wood-fuels-key-easing-food.html#jCp" target="_blank"><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#313D57;background:white;text-decoration:none'>https://phys.org/news/2018-02-wood-fuels-key-easing-food.html#jCp</span></a> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br clear=all><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif'>Teddy Kinyanjui</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif'>Sustainability Director</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><img border=0 width=200 height=100 id="_x0000_i1025" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-3YUMG1TTODQ/Wh6o8gWfRmI/AAAAAAAAAyw/1bp5qqpvmwQwg5JXqL7hz-OLGSx5nSEXgCK8BGAs/s512/TK%2BEmail%2BLogo.jpg"><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial Narrow",sans-serif'> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/CookswellJikos" target="_blank"><span style='text-decoration:none'><img border=0 id="_x0000_i1026" src="https://images2.imgbox.com/97/28/BgG0H6ZN_o.png"></span></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/cookswelljikos" target="_blank"><span style='text-decoration:none'><img border=0 id="_x0000_i1027" src="https://images2.imgbox.com/54/7e/owicmXIG_o.png"></span></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/cookswelljikos?lang=en" target="_blank"><span style='text-decoration:none'><img border=0 id="_x0000_i1028" src="https://images2.imgbox.com/64/b1/oh4tfzkH_o.png"></span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></blockquote></div></div></div></body></html>