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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Dear Crispin,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Thanks for your answer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>”1m premature deaths contributed to by
things (in 51 categories) decided by a committee of experts is hardly the same
as pointing to a murder weapon that killed an individual.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Of course, it’s not. The latter is normally pretty easy to do.
The former is indeed, a very complex statistical construct.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>No one can tell for sure that air pollution is responsible of a
specific number like 7 143 568 deaths, or 7 million, it may be difficult
to even say “between 6 and 8 millions”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>But I think even before we talk about attribution and
statistical construct by the WHO, we need to assess what might be the truth.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Because somewhere, there is a truth.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Let’s take Ulan Bator. There are 1.5 million inhabitants.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>If all of them were using electrical heating and cooking, and
driving bicycles instead of cars:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>would we likely see less indoor and outdoor air pollution?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>would we likely see less cases of respiratory infections like
bronchitis, pneumonias, etc.?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>would the respiratory infections cases likely be less acute?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>would there likely be less cases of deaths due to a respiratory
infection?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>would the life expectancy of the population likely be higher?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Xavier<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>De :</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Stoves
[mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>De la part de</b> Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> dimanche 6 mai 2018 22:57<br>
<b>À :</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [Stoves] Air pollution kills<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Dear
Xavier<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
difference between attribution of a contribution to a premature death and a
‘cause of death’ is that one is a statistical construct for a national
population and the other is medical cause of death. There is no common ground.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1m
premature deaths contributed to by things (in 51 categories) decided by a
committee of experts is hardly the same as pointing to a murder weapon that
killed an individual.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>It
may be that no one at all is killed by air pollution – it is just one of a
number of contributions to medical conditions that one way or another, shorting
one’s life with complications and consequences. A person may die during an
asthma attack, and there may be air pollution around at the time. Is that
death caused by the air pollution, or the underlying condition of asthma? No
one knows what causes asthma. The cleaner the air in North America, the more
common asthma there is. Is cleaner air contributing to the shortening of
lives in North America? On the face of it, possibly.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Why
do very few children who have contact with farm animals develop asthma? Do farm
animals extend lives?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The
problem is claims by organisations such as the WHO, again last week at the SE4ALL
meeting in Lisbon, that “indoor air pollution kills 4.3m people per year”. The
people making the claim know full well that it is actually asserted that IAP <i>has
been attributed to be a contributor</i> to the shortening of 4.3m lives per
year, not a ‘cause of death’ and they know that I know that they know. Yet they
persist in this exaggerated claim.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Why?
What is it they cannot achieve with the truth alone?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>Crispin, Nikhil,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>The important question: is it likely that air pollution
kills, or shortens lives if you prefer, of people living in cities?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>I don’t know if the debate over the terms
« killing » or « shortening life » is very relevant.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>When someone shoots a 80-year old man, who was maybe meant
to live until 81 years old only, you could say the shooter is not a killer,
merely a life-shortener. If the shooter shoots a 12-month-old baby who was
meant to live 81 years old, you could also say he shortened the baby’s life by
80 years. The baby was meant to die one day anyways.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>Should the shooter of the old man only get a small prison
sentence? After all, he only took 1 year from the old man’s life, maybe he only
took 6 months or 2 months.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>Let’s admit that yes, life is dangerous and full of
uncertainties, and many factors have an impact on human’s health. But let’s
admit we would rather limitate the impact air pollution has on human health.
How likely is it that indoor air pollution has a large contribution to human
deaths? Outdoor air pollution?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>Best,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><br>
Xavier<span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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