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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Dear Xavier<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>The question is – what capture mechanism can you dream up for a sub 0.5 micron particle? It behaves just like a gas, has effectively no momentum. So how does it “penetrate the body”? That is NOT true for 2,5-0.5 micron particles – their kinetic energy at normal temperatures is enough to allow them to interact with the stuff we are made of. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Philip<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt'> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Xavier Brandao<br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, May 20, 2018 8:18 PM<br><b>To:</b> 'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves' <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] ***SPAM*** Re: ***SPAM*** RE: Stoves Digest, Vol 93, Issue 5<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Dear Philip, Crispin,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Actually what I read online about ultrafine particles (on a few French articles) is that the fact they are small make them more likely to penetrate the body, be retained by the tissues, and go into the blood. And paradoxically, they are potentially more toxic than bigger particles, precisely because they are small. The active substances are at their surface, so it is the surface, not the mass, that counts in the toxicity.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>I read also that their effect on health is not well-known, but potentially toxic.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafine_particle">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafine_particle</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>So again, more science on the question is necessary, but I would understand if measures are taken now to prevent emissions of ultrafine particles, as well as exposure.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Xavier<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=FR style='font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>De :</span></b><span lang=FR style='font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> Stoves [<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>De la part de</b> <a href="mailto:plloyd@mweb.co.za">plloyd@mweb.co.za</a><br><b>Envoyé :</b> mercredi 9 mai 2018 20:00<br><b>À :</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Objet :</b> [Stoves] ***SPAM*** Re: ***SPAM*** RE: Stoves Digest, Vol 93, Issue 5<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Confirm. Around 0.4 microns, retention in the lungs is very low, not really measurable. Philip</span><span lang=FR><br><br>Sent from my Huawei Mobile<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=FR><br><br>-------- Original Message --------<br>Subject: [Stoves] ***SPAM*** RE: Stoves Digest, Vol 93, Issue 5<br>From: Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <br>To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <br>CC: <br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt'>Dear Norbert<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt'>I defer to Profs Harold Annegarn and Philip Lloyd on this matter of inhalation, but I understand from them that below a certain aerodynamic diameter, particles are too small to be impacted and stick in the lungs, and only enter the body by diffusion, like gases. Small particles are inhaled and exhaled again. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt'>Crispin <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id=DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><hr size=1 width="99%" noshade style='color:#909090' align=center></span></div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td style='padding:0in 11.25pt 0in 6.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus"><span style='text-decoration:none'><img border=0 id="_x0000_i1026" src="http://static.avast.com/emails/avast-mail-stamp.png" alt="Avast logo"></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#3D4D5A'>L'absence de virus dans ce courrier électronique a été vérifiée par le logiciel antivirus Avast. <br><a href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus">www.avast.com</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></body></html>