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Dear Xavier</div>
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There is some movement related to making the sources used to create regulations more transparent. This reflects on the WHO's position regarding PM2.5 exposure thresholds which are rooted in EPA regulations including the concept of 'no tolerable limit' and 'equitoxicity'
of all particles. </div>
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Last month EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt requested public comment on a new rule, “<a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/04/30/2018-09078/strengthening-transparency-in-regulatory-science" style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(178, 102, 0); text-decoration: none;">Strengthening
Transparency in Regulatory Science</a>” (STRS), designed to solve that problem.</p>
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<span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.1em; line-height: 1.3em;">STRS provides that “When promulgating significant regulatory actions, the Agency shall ensure that dose response
data and models underlying pivotal regulatory science are publicly available in a manner sufficient for independent validation.” It codifies what was intended in the Secret Science Reform Act of 2015, and the Honest and Open New EPA Science Treatment Act of
2017 (HONEST Act), both of which passed the House but never came up for vote in the Senate.</span><span style="line-height: initial;"></span></div>
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<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">This is directly relevant to your investigations. </span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt; line-height: initial;"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif">regards</font></span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt; line-height: initial;"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif">Crispin </font></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">Dear Nikhil,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">Sorry if I was rude in my last email, I didn’t mean to be offensive.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">I was just trying to say that the discussion on air pollution on this List is sometimes confusing from my point of view. I often do not manage to understand
what you mean exactly in your posts.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">« </span></i><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Considering that practically no data exist on low dosages of ultrafine particles, nor is any causal pathway
from such dosage to disease incidence, toxicity claims of the type you have found are useless from policy perspective. »</span></i><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">I said « potentially », but indeed, there is not much data about the nanoparticles toxicity:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"><a href="https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4689276%2F&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cbd739e9707c54484ecc108d5bf5bde22%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636625323639372527&sdata=KxGYp%2Fh4H26DtvzOG9WDqf3E%2BvrdIJfQG%2F9SOC9GWjU%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4689276/" shash="hbURFkaL6qKICKuMYt5pNkHiBlyRnXf1PtKH9mNAvrN1hpECTjxY01m6t/hj5DnHrtVdwFs+lss3FLAGBjn9AC35N3iGoKJAujoXBDI6hrIG89XsAmtKapUlw21zFNaLfC32I1F2TYfZ56WWh0MtcmAThUi2I+PCEcTWQYvdPC4=" target="_BLANK">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4689276/</a>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">And, posterious to the above, the INSERM has found metal oxide nanoparticles in lung tissue sections of welders lungs. The welders had lung alterations. The
researchers tried to confirm if the metal oxide nanoparticles could have an effect on health. So they tested it on rats. They concluded there is a potential risk for respiratory health:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"><a href="https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F17435390.2016.1242797%3Fsrc%3Drecsys%26journalCode%3Dinan20&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cbd739e9707c54484ecc108d5bf5bde22%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636625323639372527&sdata=TO0tsXky%2BxvlJh4FXnZoY3qdmKHPFL24I3N86ntsZ%2FU%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17435390.2016.1242797?src=recsys&journalCode=inan20" shash="TQn50hjFUVtMQsRzlwgQafz0F32g63zjDte5uqaxptuQBQKsSbF9qlanBZAOPqZBrCii6NqeNLRyzuIOsvuuFIaz4NXjRPTCMuYlEXRjDvPm4HgbFBBYQImA0+hQQYmgR6DYHeE0odbcDpy7Cpi/gjAA9rCnvEtTotygTfBw8zQ=" target="_BLANK">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17435390.2016.1242797?src=recsys&journalCode=inan20</a>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">So, indeed, there isn’t much evidence of nanoparticles toxicity, and more research is needed.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt">« Whether any premature death was from hunger or HAP exposure or contaminated alcohol, nobody would ever know. »</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">Leaving aside nanoparticles, we have no way, at all, not the slightest hint, that, maybe, cookstoves emissions are harmful to human health? <br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">Best,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"><br>
Xavier</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">De :</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Nikhil Desai [mailto:pienergy2008@gmail.com]
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<b>Envoyé :</b> lundi 21 mai 2018 04:22<br>
<b>À :</b> Xavier Brandao<br>
<b>Cc :</b> Philip Lloyd; Crispin Pemberton-Pigott; Harold Annegarn; Anil Rajvanshi; Discussion of biomass cooking stoves; Norbert Senf<br>
<b>Objet :</b> Ultrafine particles (Re: Xavier</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Xavier:</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Rich theories make some people rich. <br>
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As with stove design and promotion, context is everything. <br>
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Considering that practically no data exist on low dosages of ultrafine particles, nor is any causal pathway from such dosage to disease incidence, toxicity claims of the type you have found are useless from policy perspective. <br>
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Maniacal chatter is not science.<br>
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Preventing exposures to ultrafine particles may or may not prevent premature deaths. Even Kirk Smith and Ajay Pilarisetti accept as much, considering their methodologies for aDALY computations. <br>
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Say, Ebola is spread by just one virus and preventing the emergence or the spread of the virus would prevent premature death. There is no similar potential with ultrafine particles generally. Too many sources, varying compositions, confounding factors.<br>
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Ultrafine particle emissions are a new fad in cookstove business. Fads kill people by omission. Whether any premature death was from hunger or HAP exposure or contaminated alcohol, nobody would ever know. <br>
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I propose the ISO process be subjected to premature death. <br>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Nikhil</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Skype: nikhildesai888</p>
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