<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">Paul and ccs</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Shanks for the positive response.  See few inserts.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Jul 3, 2018, at 6:31 AM, Paul Anderson <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" class="">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="">
  
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class="">
  
  <div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="">
    Ron,<br class="">
    <br class="">
    Thanks for that well-stated reply.   I hope that many readers will
    digest what you have presented.<br class="">
    <br class="">
    My comments are restriced to only the discussion of equations and
    their meanings.   (How we arrive at 50 million char-making stoves is
    a vastely dirrerent topic.)<br class="">
    <br class="">
    The explanation by equations might be better understood or at least
    illustrated with a few sets of number based on actual stove typess
    (see reference to the triangular graph mentioned in your 
    message.).   <br class="">
    <br class="">
    You wrote:
    <blockquote type="cite" class=""><b class="">To repeat, the equation under
        discussion is used without apology throughout the new ISO
        19867-1 document.  <br class="">
      </b></blockquote>
    Maybe give a few specific references / page numbers.   But I for one
    will not be checking that.<br class="">
    <blockquote type="cite" class=""><b class="">I believe I have stated that the
        correctness of e3 = A/(B-C) is in part because it is identical
        to e3 = A/(A+D), where D = inefficiency and B = A+C+D - as can
        be deduced from viewing what's going on in a triangular
        diagram.  <br class="">
      </b></blockquote>
    Maybe it is time to show such a triangular diagram (in which any
    position in the triangle shows the three numbers that total
    100%).    What are the three components?    You have 4 letteres   A
    B C D.   and what does each one mean in the real world?   I am
    trying to understand the concept of D as  "inefficiency", which is
    being added to A, but D is a negative number .<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">    </span><b class="">[RWL1:   D is positive.  It is what is left after subtracting A (the desired stove energy) and C (the charcoal energy) from B (the input fuel energy).  The WBT reports A, B, and C.  As you point out, it is easier to think B = 1, and A, C, D are then percentages.</b></div><div><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">  </span>D is perhaps the most important number of them all, and is rarely reported.  All stovers are trying to make this number small.</b></div><div><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">  </span>I spent many weeks trying to get something meaningful out of ordinary X, Y, Z orthogonal charts - and finally stumbled on the triangular plot.  Googling for triangular plots via Excel gives a few choices (I haven't found one exactly right).  If someone sends me A, B, and C data - I'll send back the graphical version.</b></div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="">
    I am guessing that the produced charcoal (Just just happens to be
    convieniently called "C") is zero for sstoves that do not produce
    char and something like 20% if measured as weight or 30% if measured
    as energy.    Is this making sense?   Please explain further.<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">    </span><b class="">RWL2:   Yes that makes sense.  But I hear 40% for energy is a possibility.</b></div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="">
    <blockquote type="cite" class=""><b class="">And Crispin continues to
        mis-state what e3 is.  It is NOT the efficiency for the test
        providing A,B, and C.  It is a statement of what would be
        expected if char (variable C) had NOT been produced.  </b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;">  </span></blockquote></div></div></blockquote><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="">
    Further elaboration on that would be helpful.<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">        </span><b class="">[RWL3.   I don't know more to say.  Sorry.    I'll look for someone else's description of the result of applying this equation.  If not this one for entering a value in the Tiers, then what is the right equation?</b></div><div><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div><b class="">Ron</b></div><div><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div><b class="">Ron<br class=""></b><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="">
    <br class="">
    Paul<br class="">
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email:  <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype:   paultlud    Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website:  <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com/">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 7/3/2018 1:13 AM, Ronal W. Larson
      wrote:<br class="">
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:D4DEDCA5-AE92-4ABA-BB0E-B6EE27DD3180@comcast.net" class="">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class="">
      Nikhil,  cc  list and Crispin
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">See inserts.</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
        <div class="">
          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
            <div class="">On Jun 28, 2018, at 8:15 PM, Nikhil Desai <<a href="mailto:pienergy2008@gmail.com" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">pienergy2008@gmail.com</a>>
              wrote:</div>
            <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
            <div class="">
              <div dir="ltr" class="">Ron: <br class="">
                <br class="">
                A billion dollar question — what difference does all
                this make and to whom? <br class="">
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
          <div class=""><br class="">
          </div>
          <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">       </span><b class="">[RWL1:   I respond assuming by "all this" that you
            mean my 10 responses to Crispin.  Summarizing those 10 is
            relatively easy - the only (repeat </b><u class=""><b class="">only)</b></u><b class=""> sentence below (the
            second sentence I asked under RWL1) - to which Crispin did </b><u style="font-weight: bold;" class="">not</u><b class="">
            later reply (61 minutes after yours - i.e. at 9:16 PM
            Mountain time):  </b><b class=""> I said:   "<i class="">Please
              explain what equation you would give for this answer for a
              stove that has intentionally made char."</i></b></div>
        <div class=""><b class=""><i class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">   </span></i></b></div>
        <div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">       </span>Since
            he chose not to give us an answer on the 28th,  this will
            give him  (and I hope you and others) another shot at an
            approach alternative to that in wide and continuing use.   I
            expect no answer from Crispin, since he apparently disputes
            the validity of even trying.  To repeat, the equation under
            discussion is used without apology throughout the new ISO
            19867-1 document.  I believe I have stated that the
            correctness of e3 = A/(B-C) is in part because it is
            identical to e3 = A/(A+D), where D = inefficiency and B =
            A+C+D - as can be deduced from viewing what's going on in a
            triangular diagram.  And Crispin continues to mis-state what
            e3 is.  It is NOT the efficiency for the test providing A,B,
            and C.  It is a statement of what would be expected if char
            (variable C) had NOT been produced.  I ask Crispin again to
            supply a better statement for what the efficiency would be
            if char had not been produced.  Ot alternatively, what
            equation would he use to compare char-making stoves with all
            others?</b></div>
        <div class=""><b class=""><br class="">
          </b></div>
        <div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">       </span>The
            above was only to set the stage for my (and I hope to hear
            from others)  answers to your important questions: "what
            differences and who cares".   Tor me, the difference is
            largely in whether we are able to assign tiers.  If you
            (anyone) don't think it important (or wise or permissible)
            to compare a char-making stove to a non-char-making stove,
            you (anyone) will reject tiers.   It is much easier to
            reject tiers if you can discredit the equation (the only
            equation) that allows comparisons.   The concept of tiers
            was endorsed (I think) unanimously in Lima some 5-6 years
            ago.  And this question was known fully at that time.  I
            think tiers are critical to stove improvement.</b></div>
        <div class=""><b class=""><br class="">
          </b></div>
        <div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">       </span>I
            contend that even if there were no such thing as tiers, it
            would still be helpful to have this denominator equation -
            as the equation contains the terms showing exactly where the
            energy is distributed.  If you don't measure the weight, you
            won't know the energy in the char - and you can have no idea
            of the true inefficiencies.</b></div>
        <div class=""><b class=""><br class="">
          </b></div>
        <div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">       </span>Lastly
            - "to whom":   This equation and the tier system it allows
            is obviously important information to both buyers and
            sellers.  Char-making started off (early 1990's) being
            interesting to me as a way of helping remove pressure on
            forests, where traditional char-making is often now illegal
            - because traditional char-making is so wasteful (and
            harmful to the environment in many ways).  Next came a
            period of selling char-making stoves on health grounds -
            still the primary interest of many stove activists.  Next
            came a period of realizing that stoves that make char are
            also time savers.  And of course, my present emphasis on the
            carbon-negativity aspects of char-making stoves.  I contend
            all of these positive attributes that follow from the simple
            equation A/(B-C) = A/(A+D) should be important to something
            approaching 100% of the global population.  Who should not
            want a stove that accomplishes all those ends?</b></div>
        <div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">       </span>(Aside
            - I learned this week of a char-making stove design that has
            MUCH larger turn-down ratio.  In a month or so, we should
            all hear more.)</b></div>
        <div class=""><b class=""><br class="">
          </b></div>
        <div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">   </span></div>
        <div class="">
          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
            <div class="">
              <div dir="ltr" class="">And when will the cooks know?<br class="">
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
          <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">       </span><b class="">[RWL2:   Very shortly after we have international
            agreement on a tax/fee/subsidy available to technologies
            that are carbon negative.  When do you think that might
            occur?  I am guessing maybe five years.  It will occur
            sooner wherever the benefits of biochar become better known
            (an example is what we have heard from Julian Winter in
            Bangladesh).</b></div>
        <div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">       </span>But
            for sure there are cooks already who know - as in the
            Inyenyeri study with the Mimi Moto forced draft stove (see </b><a href="https://www.inyenyeri.com/development" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.inyenyeri.com/development</a> and <a href="http://cleancookstoves.org/resources/552.html" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">http://cleancookstoves.org/resources/552.html</a>),
          <b class="">and some recent reports on stove acceptance by
            Paul Anderson </b>(see <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.drtlud.com/</a>)<b class="">.  The Inyenyeri cooks only knew part of the
            advantages of the stove - emphasizing cleanliness and time
            savings, but not money earnings (because the needed initial
            (not perpetual) subsidy or biochar advantage is not yet
            available..</b></div>
        <div class="">
          <div class=""><br class="">
          </div>
          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
            <div class="">
              <div dir="ltr" class="">I am reminded of a classmate who
                sought to prove the instability of capitalist system by
                showing the third derivative of the aggregate production
                function was of the wrong sign. <br class="">
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
          <div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b class="">[RWL3:   I have no idea why this is in here.  I
              talked many decades ago with Dennis Meadows and another
              author of "Limits to Growth".  Believing the "Limits"
              story, I believe your classmate was off in the order of
              the derivative.   Since I believe there is zero
              possibility of continuing ever onwards to an infinitely
              large GNP, without knowing anything about your classmate's
              project - I might guess the right answer is the first or
              second derivative, depending on what is being varied.  The
              point of this answer is of course to emphasize the
              importance of char-making stoves to getting on to a
              sustainable path.</b></div>
          <div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">     </span>What
              were you driving at with this story?</b></div>
          <div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">     </span></b></div>
          <br class="">
          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
            <div class="">
              <div dir="ltr" class="">Assuming you are correct, when
                will the first 50 million clean biomass stoves be
                exclusively used for two years and where? <br class="">
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
          <div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b class="">[RWL4:   I consider only the char-making stoves
              to be clean enough to worry about, so I answer only for
              char-makers, and accept your further stipulations of 50
              Million and 2 years.   This of course depends on my answer
              to your 2nd question on cooks understanding en masse the
              benefits of making (not using) charcoal.  The current
              growth path for biochar is approximately doubling every
              two years.  With a subsidy near $35/tonne CO2 (already
              seen in some times and places), then this will
              approximately allow a 6 month payback if the char can be
              sold for $200/ton of char (20 cents per kilo of char).</b></div>
          <div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">     </span>I
              am not going to worry about your word "exclusively" -
              but rather that the char-maker is the primary stove
              - because it is the cheapest, cleanest, most time-saving
              stove and I see no reason for a rural low-income user
              (maybe 2 billion in that category) to use another.  So my
              guess is about 10 doublings (ten years) to grow from about
              50 thousand users to 50 million.  We might be at 50,000
              such stoves already, but will be shortly.  It took PV
              about 50 years to reach cost parity (in the 1970's the
              cost was $100/Watt);  char-making stoves are already much
              closer to cost parity.  </b></div>
          <div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">     </span>To
              check  a bit - your 50 million stove number, multiplied by
              about 4 users per stoves and dividing by about
              2 billion potential users is getting up to about 10%
              acceptance.  I don't expect to stop at 10% when the user
              can make money (and save time, health bills, forests,
              etc). </b></div>
          <div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">     </span></b></div>
          <div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b class="">Again, thanks for allowing me to make my sales
              pitch for both char-making stoves and biochar - based here
              on the importance of the equation (and WBT and tier
              structure) I have assumed you are asking about.</b></div>
          <div class=""><br class="">
          </div>
          <b class="">Ron</b></div>
        <div class=""><br class="">
        </div>
        <div class=""><br class="">
          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
            <div class="">
              <div dir="ltr" class="">Nikhil<br class="">
                <div class="gmail_extra"><br class="" clear="all">
                  <div class="">
                    <div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
                      <div dir="ltr" class="">
                        <div class="">
                          <div dir="ltr" class="">
                            <div class="">
                              <div dir="ltr" class="">
                                <div class="">
                                  <div dir="ltr" class="">
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                                                          <div class=""><font class="" face="georgia,
                                                          serif">------------------------------------------------------------------------<br class="">
                                                          Nikhil Desai</font></div>
                                                          <div class=""><span style="font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small" class="">(US +1) 202
                                                          568 5831</span><font class="" face="georgia,
                                                          serif"><br class="">
                                                          <i class="">Skype:
                                                          nikhildesai888</i><br class="">
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                  <br class="">
                  <div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Jun 28, 2018 at 3:10
                    PM, Ronal W. Larson <span dir="ltr" class=""><<a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net" target="_blank" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>></span>
                    wrote:<br class="">
                    <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
                      .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
                      <div style="word-wrap:break-word" class="">List
                        and Crispin:
                        <div class=""><br class="">
                        </div>
                        <div class=""><span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">        </span>This
                          is a partial response, due to press of other
                          matters.</div>
                        <div class=""><br class="">
                        </div>
                        <div class=""><span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">        </span>Please
                          see inserts.</div>
                        <div class=""><br class="">
                          <div class=""><span class="">
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                <div class="">On Jun 27, 2018, at 10:07
                                  PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>>
                                  wrote:</div>
                                <br class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-interchange-newline">
                                <div class="">
                                  <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class=""><span class="">Dear Ronal
                                        and All</span><span class="" lang="EN-US"></span></div>
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class=""> </div>
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Just on comment:</div>
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class=""> </div>
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">>>“I hope this
                                      standard is the last nail in the
                                      WBT coffin.”</div>
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class=""><span class="m_-7494411321189096442apple-tab-span">>            <span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><b class="">[RWL:  I hope you are
                                        willing to change your mind on
                                        "coffin", per the above.  What I
                                        do hope will soon be dead is the
                                        Chinese stove standard which
                                        says to
                                        treat intentionally-produced
                                        char the same as unburned fuel
                                        or ash.  I think the same for
                                        the South African standard.   I
                                        can think of no reasonable
                                        rationale for such a position.<br class="">
                                        <br class="">
                                      </b></div>
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">I think you may be
                                      misunderstanding something about
                                      how calculations are made in the
                                      ISO test method. One of the most
                                      important metrics for stove
                                      performance is assessing the
                                      amount of fuel fed into the stove
                                      in order to accomplish a task such
                                      as baking 1000 cookies or boiling
                                      200 ears of corn.</div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                <div class="">
                                  <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">The metric is “Fuel Fed”
                                      (please see the list of
                                      definitions).</div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                            </span>
                            <div class=""><b class=""><span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">        </span>RWL1:
                                 I suggest you misunderstand my
                                misunderstandings.   Please explain what
                                equation you would give for this answer
                                for a stove that has intentionally made
                                char.  I think you are suggesting here
                                in this answer (and below) that there is
                                nothing wrong with the present Chinese
                                approach to pay zero attention to
                                intentionally produced char.  True?</b><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt" class=""> </span></div>
                            <span class=""><br class="">
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                  <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                    0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">The mass of fuel fed was
                                    carefully written to capture the
                                    quantity of fuel needed to
                                    accomplish some cooking task.
                                    Whether the stove produces char or
                                    not is a secondary point. IT is easy
                                    to report the amount of char
                                    produced, and there are metrics for
                                    doing so. It is the amount of char
                                    produced per kg or per dry kg of
                                    fuel fed.</div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">        </span></span><b class="">[RWL2:  You leave out that it is
                              not at all easy to provide the energy (not
                              the weight) of that char.  Both are of
                              interest.</b><span class=""><br class="">
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                <div class="">
                                  <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class=""> </div>
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Importantly, the cheating
                                      that has been taking place using
                                      the WBT is not brought to an end.
                                      If I look for the amount of fuel
                                      fed into the stove per replication
                                      of some task, be it the standard
                                      one or a relevant one, I will find
                                      the amount of fuel needed to do
                                      so. If there is a secondary
                                      product such as condensate, char,
                                      heat that can be used for a
                                      secondary purpose such as space
                                      heating, or electricity, these are
                                      all recorded in an appropriate
                                      manner.</div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">        </span></span><b class="">[RWL3:  Is now and was in the WBT
                              4.2.3 and earlier versions.  Cites on
                              cheating have not been produced to my
                              knowledge.</b><span class=""><br class="">
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                <div class="">
                                  <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class=""> </div>
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">The cheat that was with
                                      us for so long, claiming as the
                                      WBT1.x, 2.x, 3.x and 4.x that a
                                      stove did not consume fuel because
                                      it emerged from the cooking
                                      session in the form of char, is
                                      gone, thankfully. Please refer
                                      again to the definitions.</div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                            </span>
                            <div class=""><span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">    </span><b class="">[RWL4:  This is erroneous. 
                                Please give the (exact)
                                language anywhere that suggests the "did
                                not consume" .   Please don't ask others
                                to go find something they don't believe
                                exists.</b></div>
                            <span class=""><span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">   </span><br class="">
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                  <div class="">
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">That ‘char deducted’
                                      formula that you refer to is an
                                      energy calculation that relates to
                                      the fraction of energy in the fuel
                                      fed that was released
                                      (theoretically) during cooking. It
                                      no longer refers to the mass of
                                      fuel fed, as it once did.</div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">        </span></span><b class="">[RWL5:  This paragraph makes no
                              sense.  There is no theoretical release in
                              the equation being used to give a number
                              to allow comparing char-making stoves with
                              those that don't.  All the numbers going
                              into that computation are given and all
                              have been in theist WBTs I know about.  In
                              the Chinese official test procedure, the
                              char is wished away.</b></div>
                          <div class=""><span class=""><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt" class=""> </span>
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                  <div class="">
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">This is a major advance
                                      in testing methods. Only the stove
                                      testing groups used the erroneous
                                      ‘char-deducted’ formula. When
                                      searching the literature for some
                                      example elsewhere in industry, not
                                      a single one could be found
                                      because the claim was
                                      fundamentally misrepresentative.
                                      That has now been cleared up.<span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-converted-space"> </span></div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                            </span>
                            <div class=""><span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">    </span><b class="">[RWL6:  Again a paragraph that
                                makes no sense.  Please give exact
                                language from anywhere on what you are
                                talking about.  I think it is the
                                "denominator equation" - which still
                                exists in the latest ISO version - I
                                think adopted with essentially a
                                unanimous vote of many countries (not
                                individuals).</b></div>
                            <span class="">
                              <div class=""><b class=""><br class="">
                                </b></div>
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                  <div class="">
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">The remaining mentions of
                                      the WBT are for PR purposes only.
                                      Not a single voice supporting the
                                      use of a “WBT-like” test was
                                      raised in the ISO process. In fact
                                      it was put to a vote in exactly
                                      that form, in those words:
                                      “WBT-like”. No one wanted it. Now,
                                      it is only for the organisations
                                      who supported the WBT for so long
                                      to be given enough space for them
                                      to quietly drop it while
                                      pretending that it was a valid
                                      method all along. To do otherwise
                                      would be to admit they were
                                      cheating donors. We do not have to
                                      extract that pound of flesh.</div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                            </span>
                            <div class=""><span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">    </span><b class="">[RWL7:  This is a long way from
                                what others have told me occurred.  So I
                                will break here to hear from others (who
                                I hope can also join in).  </b></div>
                            <div class=""><b class=""><span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">        </span>It
                                would help this list to have your
                                explanation of how you know what to be
                                true.</b></div>
                            <span class="">
                              <div class=""><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt" class=""> </span></div>
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                  <div class="">
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">The ISO Standard is not
                                      anyone’s standard – it only has
                                      meaning when a country adopts it,
                                      or adapts it. Any country
                                      contemplating adopting this
                                      document as a national standard
                                      will have to consider how it will
                                      be implemented, and whether all of
                                      it or some of it will apply. When
                                      it comes to things like fuel
                                      efficiency, which is important in
                                      some regions, it is likely the
                                      national standards body will apply
                                      its collective mind to what
                                      portions of this massive document
                                      they will use. As anyone reading
                                      it will quickly see, it is
                                      unnecessarily complex, and
                                      requires numerous pieces of
                                      equipment that are very expensive
                                      if one is to have a reasonable
                                      level of confidence in the result.
                                      Because a national standard
                                      provides a warranty of
                                      performance, it is pointless to
                                      have as a test method something
                                      that doesn’t provide it.</div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">        </span></span><b class="">[RWL8:  I claim none of this
                              paragraph is true.  I have skimmed it;
                               Crispin says he has not.  A country that
                              chooses to ignore a work that has taken
                              such effort will lose a lot of credibility
                              in science circles.  This took many years
                              to balance complexity with completeness.</b><span class=""><br class="">
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                <div class="">
                                  <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                    <div class="">
                                      <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                        0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class=""> </div>
                                      <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                        0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">People seeking lower
                                        cost and more accurate
                                        alternatives may consider
                                        adapting Indian IS–13152,
                                        China’s NB/T 43008 – 2012, or
                                        the CSI test method which has
                                        been used internationally in
                                        some form since 2009.</div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">        </span></span><b class="">[RWL9:  I repeat my claim that
                              Crispin has kindly repeated above:  </b><b style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt" class=""><i class=""> "I can think of no reasonable
                                rationale for such a position."   </i> </b><b class="">To report results on a stove
                              designed to make char without measuring
                              the char, because the national standard
                              says so,  is unbelievable.  That couldn't
                              happen if offending countries adopt
                              the new ISO procedure.</b><span class="">
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                  <div class="">
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class=""><br class="">
                                    </div>
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">The WBT 4.2.3 contained,
                                      when it does, some 75 systematic
                                      errors as well as its
                                      much-discussed conceptual errors.
                                      We do not know yet how many are
                                      contained in the ISO-19867-1
                                      because it has not been reviewed
                                      conceptually or systematically.
                                      Because the test method is novel,
                                      (untested) problems with its
                                      implementation will have to be
                                      resolved at the national adoption
                                      level, if it turns out to be
                                      acceptable ahead of other options.</div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">        </span></span><b class="">[RWL8:   I have asked for this
                              "75" list several times and do so again.  
                              The ISO document that is being discussed <u class="">has</u> undergone agonizing
                              review - by top experts.</b></div>
                          <div class=""><span class=""><b class=""><br class="">
                              </b>
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                  <div class="">
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">The problems created by
                                      the WBT remain, however, as
                                      witnessed by the recent release of
                                      the second edition of the
                                      Micro-gasifier Handbook which
                                      makes barley any mention of
                                      testing and includes multiple
                                      references to ‘performance’ based
                                      on the obviously erroneous fuel
                                      consumption claims of the WBT.</div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">        </span></span><b class="">[RWL9:  How about a specific cite
                              and example quotes?   I claim it quite
                              likely that there is zero error in
                              the consumption claims.</b></div>
                          <div class=""><span class=""><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt" class=""> </span>
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                  <div class="">
                                    <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">For anyone who is new to
                                      this topic I recommend reading the
                                      CREEC Lab test of the Quad II
                                      stove (featured in that Handbook)
                                      which shows that the fuel fed per
                                      replication of the test is 1.3 kg
                                      (as received) and claims a dry
                                      wood fuel consumption of 636 g. I
                                      will read it again, but I think
                                      the handbook does not address this
                                      issue squarely and it must in the
                                      next edition. Char production is a
                                      secondary benefit and can
                                      negatively affect the fuel
                                      consumption rate. Advocates should
                                      not shy away from discussing it. A
                                      good example of how to handle
                                      secondary benefits is heating
                                      stoves, which are assessed on the
                                      basis of the cooking provided, the
                                      heat provided, and the
                                      combination. Where char is an
                                      additional secondary benefit, it
                                      should also be listed in the form
                                      of carbon mass, if it is for
                                      sequestering, energy, if it is for
                                      fuel, or total surface per gram if
                                      it is for “activated” uses.</div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">        </span></span><b class="">[RWL10:  Crispin here totally
                              misses everything possible about
                              char-making stoves.  More on this if he
                              wishes and gives cites so we don't waste
                              more time on something agreed upon in the
                              new ISO test procedures. </b></div>
                          <div class=""><br class="">
                          </div>
                          <div class=""><b class=""><span class="m_-7494411321189096442Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">  </span>Measuring
                              char-making capabilities of a cook stove
                              that excels in emissions and other ways is
                              probably a real problem if one is into
                              coal-consuming heating stoves.</b></div>
                          <div class=""><b class=""><br class="">
                            </b></div>
                          <div class=""><b class="">Ron</b></div>
                          <div class=""><br class="">
                          </div>
                          <div class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div class=""><span class="">
                                  <div class="m_-7494411321189096442WordSection1" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                                    <div class="">
                                      <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                        0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class=""> </div>
                                      <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                        0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Regards</div>
                                      <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                        0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">Crispin</div>
                                      <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                        0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class=""> </div>
                                      <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                        0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">ISO TC-285 WG1, WG2,
                                        WG3, WG4.</div>
                                      <div style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                        0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" class="">P-member SABS TC-1043<u class=""> </u></div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </span></div>
                            </blockquote>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                      <br class="">
                    </blockquote>
                  </div>
                  <br class="">
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
        <br class="">
      </div>
      <!--'"--><br class="">
      <fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
      <br class="">
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    </blockquote>
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