<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=us-ascii"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">HI Julian, <div class="">Colleagues of ours in our biomass briquetting world have worked with Masaai in East Afica in finding ways to optimise the energy content of cow dung. A one Francis and MAry Kavita from rural Kenya came up with the idea of soaking the dung in water, then straining off the fiber (lignin) content in a simple local wicker basket (much the way villages more or less globally, wash their grains fromr time immemorial. The liquid expellate is a rich valuable organic liquid fertilizer. The fiber remaining can then be mixed with sawdust or leaves or other combustibles including, waste paper, and or pulverised charcoal crumbs from the last fire, to produce a very clean burning fuel. </div><div class="">Hope this helps a bit. If you do get into it please pass on your experience to the rest of us as you proceed. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Richard Stanley</div><div class=""><a href="http://www.legacyfound.org" class="">www.legacyfound.org</a></div><div class=""> </div><div class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Nov 2, 2018, at 8:37 AM, Julien Winter <<a href="mailto:winter.julien@gmail.com" class="">winter.julien@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">Hi all;<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I have suggested to Mahbubul (my colleague in Bangladesh) that cow dung may be used as a binder for material that is compressed or forced through an extruder. That would increase the energy density of the fuel and increase the run-time of a batch loaded TLUD.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">There is a recent paper that used cow dung as a binder for fire bricks. </div><div class="">Khurshid, I; Ahmad, S; Nawaz, R; Arshad, M; Dar, MEUI; Imran, M; Aslam, F; Nasir, R; Shah, GM; Ahmad, N; Naeem, MA. 2018. Development of fire bricks from organic waste: an eco-friendly energy solution. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 16: 3919-3932 DOI: 10.15666/aeer/1604_39193932 <br class=""></div><div class=""><a href="http://www.aloki.hu/pdf/1604_39193932.pdf" class="">http://www.aloki.hu/pdf/1604_39193932.pdf</a><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Not all cow dung is the same, and cow dung (fluid) from a large herd of confined dairy cattle would be different from dung (balls) from cattle grazing rough cellulosic vegetation. Dung from dairy farms could likely include urine, and could be quite a slurry.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Which segues into the topic on cow dung from India containing plastic. I was actually making a glancing reference to a really bad situation. Cows in India are dying from plastic pollution that causes impacted rumens. That is not a problem in Bangladesh, because the Government restricts the use of plastic packaging.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Cheers,</div><div class="">Julien.</div><div class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div>-- <br class=""><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">Julien Winter<br class="">Cobourg, ON, CANADA<br class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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