<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">In last weeks newspaper here in Kenya, </span></font></blockquote></blockquote><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">''The residents are also able to use the readings from the sensors to advocate measures to improve the air quality. The sensors.AFRICA project was set up in Mukuru Kwa Reuben at Reuben FM, 330 meters from Accurate Steel Mills, a subsidiary of Bhachu Industries Limited. </span></font><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(66,66,66);font-family:georgia,cambria,"times new roman",times,serif">The readings from 330m away were high, and we were there to see what the sensors would tell us about pollution closer to the factories.</span></blockquote></blockquote><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The data collected by the air quality sensors confirmed the residents’ claims that the factories regularly release emissions between 2pm and 6pm. Using the World Health Organisation’s Air Quality guidelines, the data showed that over a seven-day period with data collected over 24hrs, residents living around the sensor at Reuben FM were seeing Particulate Matter (PM) 10 values higher than the WHO-recommended levels over a 24-hour period, four days of the week.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The values were so high, despite being over a quarter of a kilometre away from the factory. The Code for Arica team went on walkabout to take readings with a portable sensor closer to the factory.</span></font></blockquote></blockquote><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Our first reading at Maendeleo Learning Centre at 2.59pm was 266 μg/m3 for PM 10, well above WHO air quality standards. The factory with the chimney emitting to the right of the school was identified as Divani, but that could not be substantiated. Its chimney is visibly lower than the prescribed Nema guidelines, which is 40-50m high from the tallest building in the neighbourhood.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">An environment expert at the National clean air production Evans Nangulu said following latest assessments of the Bhachu factory, they had directed the company to raise its chimneys from 20m to at least 50m to increase the dispersion rate of the waste gases.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Additional recommendations include: installing fabric filters to reduce emission of fine dust particles, using electrostatic precipitators that can tremendously minimise the emissions of sulphur and nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">On how these regulations are being enforced, Nangulu said: “The main challenge is that we have so many papers on policies and regulations in place, but enforcement and enactment remains a nightmare. When you go to the ground, you realise very little is being done.”</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Adding: “Enforcing these regulations is not a one-off idea. It should be continuous, and if those in charge can tighten their ends to ensure both developers and factories follow the law, we can reduce the unfortunate situation that the people in Kwa Reuben find themselves in.” </span></font><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(66,66,66);font-family:georgia,cambria,"times new roman",times,serif">Nangulu urged factories to adopt modern technologies to help them manage their emissions.''</span></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><a href="https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018/11/07/mukuru-fumes-put-60-asthma-patients-a-month-in-hospital_c1843071">https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018/11/07/mukuru-fumes-put-60-asthma-patients-a-month-in-hospital_c1843071</a></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Teddy Kinyanjui</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Sustainability Director</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">On Fri, Nov 16, 2018 at 7:18 PM Nikhil Desai <<a href="mailto:pienergy2008@gmail.com">pienergy2008@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Crispin:</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Wow. "To kill 1.6 million people ..." says Berkeley Earth, the enviable father-daughter Mullers enterprise. </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Earth?? They are loose fireballs. A front for the academia pushing shale. None on their Team and none of their Directors seem to have an iota of experience in health, just manipulating PM data. The Mullers are a celebrities marketing fracking and nuclear waste disposal. By crowdfunding; $5 million to date. </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">With experts like these, who needs idiots? Arden Pope - the economist doing "integrated risk function" for GBD - the junk of Burnett et al. (2014) I have panned here several times? Richard Muller's quantification of air pollution deaths in China is based on the same nonsense. Murders by assumption.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Get over it. There is no there there. Stop looking for substance and integrity from Berkeley this or Berkeley that. This is an ideological war; these academics are the new suppliers of ICBMs, missiles, submarines. It is not at all about tobacco or coal, biochemistry or public policy; it is strictly about manufacturing hysteria and getting grants. They are Hell's Angels of the academia-industrial complex.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">But it is getting both macabre and frightening; not easy to dismiss. Is PM2.5 dust the new nicotine? (You know, "dust" is PCP, or Angel's Dust.)</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Macabre because it reminds me of the routine mass murders in US by semi-automatic weapons. Models are semi-automated. For all I can tell, GBD papers and press releases are written with Artificial Intelligence.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Elizabeth Mueller's LinkedIn page says "Berkeley Earth is a public-benefit organization that is using modern statistical techniques to address major environmental concerns such as global warming and air pollution. Berkeley Earth conducts all of its analysis in a transparent way, and makes its data and analysis techniques available to the public. "</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Yeah, right. Her or her father's track record inspires no credence on air quality analyses and management. This is like Kirk Smith Enterprise, except that the Mullers know nothing about health and medicine. The dad was played up because he was a skeptic who turned a believer in climate change; nuclear and fracking businesses come in handy when you do that, as also does a Berkeley professorship. Academic prostitution.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">IER (Integrated Exposure Response) is the new 007. Licensed to Kill.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">GBD is now Juul. (You know, one of the e-cigarettes.) Addiction for the next generation. </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">HAPiT is the new heroin. Gas and electricity are alternatives to food and medical care. </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Frightening because these cabalistic recitations can be counter-productive. No doubt pollutants cause diseases; that is the definition of pollutants. But when you fail to, refuse to, identify pollutants, ingestions, disease incidence, in real people and smoke them away in the joints of dope rolled in peer-reviewed paper, what happens?</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">At best, nothing. People will get inured to lies like they do to Trump's tweets. Who'd've thought the Berkeley professoriat as Trump-in-disguise? (Sycophancy to Modi was a clue.)</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">At worst, a "compassion fatigue" would set in. "Another million murdered by semi-automatic military grade assumptions? Who cares?"</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">In the meantime, ten more PhDs will be generated and processed through post-doc careers to turn into new frogs croaking aDALY songs for Goldman Sachs and Gold Standard.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">California fires have been emitting millions of tons of pollution, equivalent to a billion cigarettes an hour, for the last few days. Already 63 people have been killed. Give IHME or Berkely Earth $500k and they will automatically churn out how many additional deaths are attributable to these fires. (Like what was done with Puerto Rico hurricane.)</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Maybe we needn't bother, and I should not ridicule WHO or IHME or CCA. They are useful idiots for Modi, Trump, and the oil companies, and if I believed that the ends justify the means, I should praise them to high heaven as I once did. No health minister is going to listen to WHO bombast - harmless nuisance - and request subsidies for gas and electricity. </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">I for one believe in subsidies for cleaner air. I am afraid Berkeley this and that may lose the plot. For now, the Mullers are having a laugh of their lives and pocketing kudos and money. Swindlers thrive because a sucker is born every minute. </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Nikhil</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">PS: Health Canada has bought into smoke generation too. See Burnett et al (2018) Global estimates of mortality associated with longterm exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter, 9592–9597 | PNAS | September 18, 2018 | vol. 115 | no. 38 <a href="http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1803222115">www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1803222115</a>. This paper purports to rely on "cohort studies", something you referred to in a recent post but I haven't reacted to. The fundamental problems are that i) there are no exposure measurements; ii) the hazard ratios are derived from non-comparable cohorts and applied indiscriminately; and iii) PM2.5 equitoxicity is assumed. </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">This is preposterous poppycock, has no relevance to stove design, and the ISO TC-285 needs to be shut down instantly. Even ANSI has abandoned the Chair. Enough noise by illiterate professoriat mobs out of control. Tragedy of the wretched of the earth.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Nikhil Desai</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">(US +1) 202 568 5831</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Skype: nikhildesai888</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">On Thu, Nov 8, 2018 at 6:42 PM Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Dear Andrew</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">>Crispin I was after a source for the amount of PM 2.5 from a standard cigarette, I had already come across some comparisons with particulates produced by a cigarette verses a diesel car idling</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">I just Googled it and found various references. I was using 45 mg for a while but later found there were some claims of 40 mg.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The mass of tobacco in a cigarette is about 0.9 g. A PM2.5 mass of 45 mg is the equivalent of 50 g per kg (exactly). This is a believable amount for smouldering biomass that has no flame.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The CO is 0.5% to 5% of the gas volume with perhaps a typical range of 1.2-3.7%. (same source).</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">As for the ridiculous (that is the only word for it) numbers give for “exposure” I found the source document at Berkeley here. The argument, which is foolish, presented is presented as</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">“Now let’s consider air pollution. The most harmful pollution consists of small particulate matter, 2.5 microns in size or less, called PM2.5. These particles are small enough to work their way deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream, where they trigger heart attack, stroke, lung cancer and asthma. In the Berkeley Earth review of deaths in China we showed that 1.6 million people die every year from an average exposure of 52 μg/m3 of PM2.5. To kill 1.6 million people would require, assuming 1.37 x10-6 deaths per cigarette, 1.1 trillion cigarettes. Since the population of China is 1.35 billion, that comes to 864 cigarettes every year per person, or about 2.4 cigarettes per day.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Thus the average person in China, who typically breathes 52 μg/m3 of air pollution, is receiving a health impact equivalent to smoking 2.4 cigarettes per day. Put another way, 1 cigarette is equivalent to an air pollution of 22 μg/m3 for one day.”</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">This argument is so foolish one has to wonder what they are smoking in Berkeley. One cigarette produces about 45 mg of PM2.5. Spread through 10 cu m of air (what a person breathes in a day) would create air with 4,500 μg/m3 yet they claim it is 22. That is a big difference, an error of 200 fold.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">The calculation is based on a calculation that assumes all PM2.5 in China comes from cigarettes – is that correct? Or only in the case of the 1.6m they say die from…what exactly…air pollution? There is no information to support such statistic in China. That have to have made it up.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Conclusion: “In China the numbers are far worse; on bad days the health effects of air pollution are comparable to the harm done smoking three packs per day (60 cigarettes) by every man, woman, and child. Air pollution is arguably the greatest environmental catastrophe in the world today.”</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Yeah well, the death of responsible statistics looks like a catastrophe of similar proportion.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">There is a reference to another opinion: “Arden Pope, had previously calculated that average pollution in Beijing is similar to smoking 0.3 cigarettes per day – and that this comparison is used to reassure people that the pollution really isn’t that bad.”</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Well, let’s look at that “reassure” idea. Pope looked at the amount of PM absorbed, but I have not read much of his work yet. He is pretty well respected in this field and he disagrees profoundly with Berkeley’s numbers. His methodology is well explained in that reference and involves drawing “associations”, not getting medical diagnoses (because there is no data on anyone’s personal exposure).</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">From what I can understand, Pope’s China calculation is based on what PMO absorbed from a cigarette, not the exposure to it (inhaled) as most is exhaled (90%?). He seems to assume that ambient air pollution is absorbed, not 10% of what is inhaled (which seems odd). He arrives at a 1/6th of a cigarette per day for living in Beijing (2013). That reference gives as the inhalation volume 18 cu m per day, not 10. (13-23). He correctly calculates the exposure (inhalation) as the mean concentration * volume to arrive at 90 µg/day up to 1,800 µg/day in a highly polluted city (100 µg/m3).</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">An interesting observation can be made comparing the figure from the Berkeley paper (22 µg/m3 = 1 cigarette/day equivalent) and Pope’s second hand smoke value which is that living in an apartment with someone who smokes 1 pack per day exposes other people in the flat to 20 µg/m3. This is a very big mismatch. Pope has it that the total exposure in the breathed air of a second hand smoke recipient is 360 µg/day, while Berkeley’s calculation has it that living in the same flat breathing that 20 µg/m3 air (Spengler 1991) is the same as smoking 16 cigarettes! So one guy smokes 20 cigarettes per day, and the other guy sharing the flat inhales another 16 in the form of second hand smoke? Now consider that the first guy who inhales all that original smoke gets another 16 cigarettes worth just be staying indoors. So he gets 36 cigarettes worth of smoke while only buying and smoking 20?</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">No wonder Pope doesn’t believe Muller’s calculations. They are unbelievable. They do not even consider ozone.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Regards</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Crispin</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><a href="http://berkeleyearth.org/air-pollution-and-cigarette-equivalence/">http://berkeleyearth.org/air-pollution-and-cigarette-equivalence/</a></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><a href="http://www.myhealthbeijing.com/china-public-health/air-pollution-or-smoking-which-is-worse-a-letter-from-dr-pope/">http://www.myhealthbeijing.com/china-public-health/air-pollution-or-smoking-which-is-worse-a-letter-from-dr-pope/</a></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Here is the Berkeley model applied to large cities based on the 22µg/m3: <a href="https://www.citylab.com/environment/2018/04/how-much-are-you-smoking-by-breathing-urban-air/558827/">https://www.citylab.com/environment/2018/04/how-much-are-you-smoking-by-breathing-urban-air/558827/</a></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Spengler JD. 1991. Indoor Air Pollution: A Health Perspective. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp 33-67.</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">_______________________________________________</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">Stoves mailing list</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">to Send a Message to the list, use the email address</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><br></span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px">for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:</span></font></blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font color="#424242" face="georgia, cambria, times new roman, times, serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a></span></font></blockquote><div><br></div>
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