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<p class="MsoNormal">Crispin and all,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I will ask Alexis Belonio if he has such information about the constituents of the gases.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">But that refers to the ingredients. How they are “created” (liberated”, and mixed and burned at what temperatures and conditions are not trivial questions.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We are in the hunt.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Paul<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Doc / Dr TLUD / Paul S. Anderson, PhD<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Exec. Dir. of Juntos Energy Solutions NFP<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu"><span style="color:#0563C1">psanders@ilstu.edu</span></a> Skype: paultlud<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Phone: Office: 309-452-7072 Mobile: 309-531-4434<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com"><span style="color:#0563C1">www.drtlud.com</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Stoves <stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Crispin Pemberton-Pigott<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 11, 2019 9:31 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Blue flame of TLUD-FA with rice hull fuel RE: Moderated Message<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Dear Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">We can reduced this to a simple question: What are the constituents of rice hull gas and their relative fractions?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Tony,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">VERY interesting. New to me. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This from Wikipedia about Thermite<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Thermite</b> (<span class="ipa"><a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3AIPA%2FEnglish&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512467919&sdata=7sYD90ndXCGj6mwdpLnwhLvKqL3WlUm%2BlqngrwVuVcs%3D&reserved=0" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈθɜːrmaɪt/</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1"><a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThermite%23cite_note-1&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512467919&sdata=klasEwgYJAm6zxNzEB4pHK%2BGBmZpoNhAIh3FlcYPzpM%3D&reserved=0">[1]</a></sup>
is a <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPyrotechnic_composition&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512467919&sdata=mYtZxNEqJJu32ddKN9E0Mlf65ijWQ5XFkM8ye%2BUGypc%3D&reserved=0" title="Pyrotechnic composition">
pyrotechnic composition</a> of <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPowder_metallurgy&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512467919&sdata=dr0Wu%2FAby67kAlqJSFZC786CxNlyZp0ST0mdIPMm628%3D&reserved=0" title="Powder metallurgy">
metal powder</a>, which serves as <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFuel&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512467919&sdata=X%2BAVVp9sR29YcV9TxhW1ypyJglqDvQqr%2F040phOMg3g%3D&reserved=0" title="Fuel">
fuel</a>, and <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMetal_oxide&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512467919&sdata=NWWxTA7Grijkro1C6P3R04XfV1CWTCOAe2qdkg8io%2B4%3D&reserved=0" title="Metal oxide">
metal oxide</a>. When ignited by heat, thermite undergoes an <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FExothermic&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512467919&sdata=d7SnXQ7FMG0btjn0vzcJOUyLrjTzbqVGnurZpBpxJms%3D&reserved=0" title="Exothermic">
exothermic</a> <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRedox&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512467919&sdata=ROq6UC3VaPYGsW%2Fuhm4fhxAiwAzIRFG1g20Je%2B4Ylx0%3D&reserved=0" title="Redox">
reduction-oxidation</a> (redox) reaction. Most varieties are not explosive, but can create brief bursts of heat and high temperature in a small area. Its form of action is similar to that of other fuel-oxidizer mixtures, such as
<a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGunpowder&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512467919&sdata=VDVhKjqED7b3spdToy9wBdqs9LFCEIJK0LiB478rrd0%3D&reserved=0" title="Gunpowder">
black powder</a>.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thermites have diverse compositions. Fuels include <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAluminium&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512467919&sdata=Gi90DhGuybaoIMRP%2FDJaRDR%2FSTZrhmzxH0kBWPySc94%3D&reserved=0" title="Aluminium">
aluminium</a>, <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMagnesium&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512467919&sdata=St59RYkDU0RfQR00DtV6duWAJwCPACTqED8WmWeit9M%3D&reserved=0" title="Magnesium">
magnesium</a>, <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTitanium&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512467919&sdata=1aF8jkTa%2BIYN8f7g0LZZ%2FKWkNezpcj1DrtPzijGCVo8%3D&reserved=0" title="Titanium">
titanium</a>, <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZinc&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512467919&sdata=v0gJXkQnMi74Zhx08lY%2F1wNj6IVaTs1tTFAUULTR%2Fr8%3D&reserved=0" title="Zinc">
zinc</a>, <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSilicon&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512624169&sdata=qEekLg7NcL6kQuBG4aLvRuaS4GbXhApXmzf5T8cdjq0%3D&reserved=0" title="Silicon">
silicon</a>, and <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoron&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512624169&sdata=%2F1Gc0ADUvXYheUWLrYvejYjlambCif5vPezrBPAo0ZA%3D&reserved=0" title="Boron">
boron</a>. Aluminium is common because of its high <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoiling_point&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512624169&sdata=kvcmTDIZ4v1w4gnFQfNG0fFwF6Gove2070bZJZi1eNA%3D&reserved=0" title="Boiling point">
boiling point</a> and low cost. Oxidizers include <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBismuth(III)_oxide&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512624169&sdata=MgkIhUzMf0lAyiZhCOE79I5a21VF8Gd3IVNNwLVppvo%3D&reserved=0" title="Bismuth(III) oxide">
bismuth(III) oxide</a>, <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoron(III)_oxide&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512624169&sdata=RmRqKCbxX8LhrfWQE2JPQale6%2FFlM4Zk8froRNovzo0%3D&reserved=0" title="Boron(III) oxide">
boron(III) oxide</a>, <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSilicon(IV)_oxide&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512624169&sdata=VLmnXYxVb3y5E0QK3t6znaokIJsFQKDltoPDo3C%2FwLk%3D&reserved=0" title="Silicon(IV) oxide">
silicon(IV) oxide</a>,…..<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I hope that we can utilize this and then make progress about why the TLUD-FA stoves with rice hull fuel give such a nice, clean blue flame.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Some chemists might shed more light on this, please.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Is the flame blue if the rice hulls are pyrolyzed? <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Paul<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Doc / Dr TLUD / Paul S. Anderson, PhD<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Exec. Dir. of Juntos Energy Solutions NFP<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu"><span style="color:#0563C1">psanders@ilstu.edu</span></a> Skype: paultlud<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Phone: Office: 309-452-7072 Mobile: 309-531-4434<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Website: <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drtlud.com&data=02%7C01%7C%7C05b98816864046c5134708d6783a28bc%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828588512624169&sdata=Kg41gaX9OvQIkTBZ01X7E5eD8sNTltQYmDlrNgRpbAE%3D&reserved=0">
<span style="color:#0563C1">www.drtlud.com</span></a> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Tony Vovers<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 11, 2019 9:41 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Moderated Message<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Aaron <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">It's not my area of specialty but I suspect rice husks pyrolysis has a lot different chemistry going on than other woody biomass.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">The rice husks ash is 90+% silicon dioxide Si02 compared to mainly calcium, potassium, magnesium in wood ash.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">SiO2 is one of the key components of thermite that can melt steel and burns with a bright blue flame. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks for posting, it's an interesting observation and a reminder that we should not just focus on the organics in our biomass fuels.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Fri, Jan 11, 2019, 02:04 Aaron Wingle <<a href="mailto:wingleaaron@gmail.com">wingleaaron@gmail.com</a> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I couldn’t figure out how to reply directly to the threads about Paul Oliver Rice Husk Burner. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Through my observations I have noticed there is something magical about rice husk pyrolysis and forced air draft stoves. They always burn clean and blue or violet in crazy ways that I haven’t witnessed on many wood stoves. Alex English
has a blue flame wood stove and one other possible person and myself. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I would like to see a video or photographs showing that stove burning on wood pellets or chips. My guess is a mostly yellow flame is produced. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Does anyone know why rice husks are magical?<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">As an experimenter of these TLUD stoves I find misrepresentation of the cleanliness and efficiency to cause disheartened stove designers. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">If I am wrong and that stove burns blue while burning wood chips or pellets, I’ll add Paul Oliver to my TLUD designer shrine of Worship. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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