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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I think the answer is device and operating condition dependent. Hirendra Chakrabarti holds that if the gas is produced in a BLUD gasifier that is top-loaded (1250 to 1400 Kcal / Nm3 with moisture
up to 40%), or BLDD that is top-loaded (1050 to 1100 Kcal / Nm3 using a biomass having moisture content less than 15%), the energy content of the gas produced is significantly different, with a higher energy available from the former (due in part to having
a higher tar content even though it is removed.) <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Crispin and all,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I will ask Alexis Belonio if he has such information about the constituents of the gases.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">But that refers to the ingredients. How they are “created” (liberated”, and mixed and burned at what temperatures and conditions are not trivial questions.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">We are in the hunt.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Doc / Dr TLUD / Paul S. Anderson, PhD<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Exec. Dir. of Juntos Energy Solutions NFP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">
<span style="color:#0563C1">psanders@ilstu.edu</span></a> Skype: paultlud<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Phone: Office: 309-452-7072 Mobile: 309-531-4434<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Website: <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drtlud.com&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618352854674&sdata=i5pVbSODOjaf1JvWja3St67oajeGJ7jzYl8ba0V%2BhjQ%3D&reserved=0">
<span style="color:#0563C1">www.drtlud.com</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Crispin Pemberton-Pigott<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 11, 2019 9:31 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Blue flame of TLUD-FA with rice hull fuel RE: Moderated Message<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Paul<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We can reduced this to a simple question: What are the constituents of rice hull gas and their relative fractions?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Regards<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Crispin<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Tony,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">VERY interesting. New to me. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">This from Wikipedia about Thermite<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">Thermite</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> (<span class="ipa"><a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3AIPA%2FEnglish&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618352854674&sdata=AyRgCZUDh0DWjBtK4KFndjvoiwqI2ZpKKe56BdaiUik%3D&reserved=0" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈθɜːrmaɪt/</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1"><a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThermite%23cite_note-1&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618352854674&sdata=7P0GqOHcz8uZvD28Wih8NGSmz%2BsjoR8211UhUMJ%2BTjY%3D&reserved=0">[1]</a></sup>
is a <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPyrotechnic_composition&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618352854674&sdata=9WZ1gnBLVtj1JDZPWaSSrMJi9ulTR4aJ1olHutd6ba0%3D&reserved=0" title="Pyrotechnic composition">
pyrotechnic composition</a> of <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPowder_metallurgy&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618352854674&sdata=ePxEWwLoMVltOg%2B3F74G6nEHGcCo1gUs2K9wrOZSOKI%3D&reserved=0" title="Powder metallurgy">
metal powder</a>, which serves as <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFuel&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618352854674&sdata=O3q6TcBBHQ7c%2Fdiot7YbpT8I%2FqGVWZJRRLv5U8BcfQE%3D&reserved=0" title="Fuel">
fuel</a>, and <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMetal_oxide&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618352854674&sdata=cneaxoq6RtwwZgS2anMtaCpQOfqjmNrDDTyzx%2F5uCRE%3D&reserved=0" title="Metal oxide">
metal oxide</a>. When ignited by heat, thermite undergoes an <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FExothermic&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618352854674&sdata=xjOTE5N1IAn1atbb%2FDaFcwxS4yZDZJYVTlRm%2Bxtq8mw%3D&reserved=0" title="Exothermic">
exothermic</a> <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRedox&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618352854674&sdata=gh1AHgv5vNyfLNHx264HcQ5x%2Ff1QoSRGoflWRcIaxVE%3D&reserved=0" title="Redox">
reduction-oxidation</a> (redox) reaction. Most varieties are not explosive, but can create brief bursts of heat and high temperature in a small area. Its form of action is similar to that of other fuel-oxidizer mixtures, such as
<a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGunpowder&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618352854674&sdata=hLB0ltvKCiurpSm7zg6OwioQtJrZ0zb%2BMWwmTqHR3%2Fw%3D&reserved=0" title="Gunpowder">
black powder</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Thermites have diverse compositions. Fuels include
<a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAluminium&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618352854674&sdata=huBGsr4RS0ljr6azHToSKV609sO%2BjncC9V%2Bjb5mXsoE%3D&reserved=0" title="Aluminium">
aluminium</a>, <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMagnesium&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618352854674&sdata=LabXsCOC08WZLry0hjW1l4O0zgYgVbnXxEYjxij%2F%2FH4%3D&reserved=0" title="Magnesium">
magnesium</a>, <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTitanium&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618352854674&sdata=U7Y%2BOL5OkyJgJU3t1sI3k8TAvP%2FVNxGfHwXNgKuhtnU%3D&reserved=0" title="Titanium">
titanium</a>, <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZinc&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618353010936&sdata=LBdolssj%2BtqoKWyEQzGObeBiKuabClNgEZv7nU%2FBuII%3D&reserved=0" title="Zinc">
zinc</a>, <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSilicon&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618353010936&sdata=aTlw0mlBP6D5ZWSKTLoQ1rv9LsQcFPqJuaPpTKsJ96Q%3D&reserved=0" title="Silicon">
silicon</a>, and <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoron&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618353010936&sdata=KunHkYcpM2z%2Bv8vHAnVM3xIP%2ByGkHL5ZkTWgJzK9Eqs%3D&reserved=0" title="Boron">
boron</a>. Aluminium is common because of its high <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoiling_point&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618353010936&sdata=EQQBzd%2FW1ovw9Rv1VIwPQZ%2BTeAuokcyl9nbbik0LIM0%3D&reserved=0" title="Boiling point">
boiling point</a> and low cost. Oxidizers include <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBismuth(III)_oxide&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618353010936&sdata=lyxlGvPHbLrn1HmvJHXjoCCZQkBJ82zwdqCUBpAdvuw%3D&reserved=0" title="Bismuth(III) oxide">
bismuth(III) oxide</a>, <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoron(III)_oxide&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618353010936&sdata=jW9Wq08zkz693Dz8yuXVhe2QF25ChfTj7weRGohwKqc%3D&reserved=0" title="Boron(III) oxide">
boron(III) oxide</a>, <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSilicon(IV)_oxide&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618353010936&sdata=vZB0jsrD88qXuQNtEPbm%2FlBHArvyGKoop3fh9sRzXXI%3D&reserved=0" title="Silicon(IV) oxide">
silicon(IV) oxide</a>,…..<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I hope that we can utilize this and then make progress about why the TLUD-FA stoves with rice hull fuel give such a nice, clean blue flame.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Some chemists might shed more light on this, please.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Is the flame blue if the rice hulls are pyrolyzed?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Doc / Dr TLUD / Paul S. Anderson, PhD<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Exec. Dir. of Juntos Energy Solutions NFP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">
<span style="color:#0563C1">psanders@ilstu.edu</span></a> Skype: paultlud<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Phone: Office: 309-452-7072 Mobile: 309-531-4434<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Website: <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drtlud.com&data=02%7C01%7C%7Cda597f289feb47cccde308d678411b3d%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636828618353010936&sdata=0dcltHJkYB2pJDovBOQeV8YBPkX2e86PXUc80sP58Yw%3D&reserved=0">
<span style="color:#0563C1">www.drtlud.com</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Tony Vovers<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 11, 2019 9:41 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Moderated Message<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Aaron <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">It's not my area of specialty but I suspect rice husks pyrolysis has a lot different chemistry going on than other woody biomass.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The rice husks ash is 90+% silicon dioxide Si02 compared to mainly calcium, potassium, magnesium in wood ash.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">SiO2 is one of the key components of thermite that can melt steel and burns with a bright blue flame. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Thanks for posting, it's an interesting observation and a reminder that we should not just focus on the organics in our biomass fuels.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">On Fri, Jan 11, 2019, 02:04 Aaron Wingle <<a href="mailto:wingleaaron@gmail.com">wingleaaron@gmail.com</a> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I couldn’t figure out how to reply directly to the threads about Paul Oliver Rice Husk Burner. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Through my observations I have noticed there is something magical about rice husk pyrolysis and forced air draft stoves. They always burn clean and blue or violet in crazy ways that I haven’t witnessed on many wood stoves.
Alex English has a blue flame wood stove and one other possible person and myself. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I would like to see a video or photographs showing that stove burning on wood pellets or chips. My guess is a mostly yellow flame is produced. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Does anyone know why rice husks are magical?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">As an experimenter of these TLUD stoves I find misrepresentation of the cleanliness and efficiency to cause disheartened stove designers. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">If I am wrong and that stove burns blue while burning wood chips or pellets, I’ll add Paul Oliver to my TLUD designer shrine of Worship. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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