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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dear Paul A and Paul T<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Questions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Why has the scale to be as small as 200 L? Given the scale of the requirement (doing what the Finns do which is to rake the forest of material
with a bulldozer-type unit to get it out of the way) it seems you need a much larger approach to make the system viable economically and to deal with the volumes.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Are we to assume that a batch loaded unit that could be loaded and left to burn out, self-extinguish and cool before unloading would be more
acceptable to the EPA than something which is continuous, and which episodically expels red hot char?<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Is the char production efficiency an issue (at all)?<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Is there a local market for char-containing fertilizers (which requires other inputs to make something viable)? Char on its own is not a fertiliser.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">It sounds like the Aussies are now behind the Californians when it comes to forest management. In the US the forestry service, as well as in California, tried hard to get
you to “prevent forest fires” and as a result the buildup of truly dangerous amounts of forest litter has, combined with human foolishness and malfeasance (most forest fires are caused by people, not “temperatures”) to create catastrophic fires. The recent
deaths of hundreds of people in the Camp Fire started by defective electrical equipment in a forest where “green activists” banned: cleaning the forest floor, building needed fire access roads and controlled burns, has brought the foolishness of the decades
long battle to “prevent fires” into sharp focus. They are now talking openly about returning to the forest management practices of the First Nations people which is to wait for damp conditions and make a controlled burn to remove the clutter.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The Finnish alternative, which involves a lot more money, is to clear the forest debris mechanically and dispose of it in some manner.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I suggest that it will remain illegal to burn this material to char in the middle of the dry season. It is far more realistic to hear them say it should be stored until
the forest is damp and then processed. Perhaps Tom Miles can comment on the likelihood of being allowed to burn this material in
<i>anything</i> during the dry season.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The traditional method of management causes the fires to burn slowly and create a good deal of char “naturally” in situ, at scale. If everyone has forgotten how to manage
such controlled burns, they are going to have to do something to control the fires because the efficiency of biomass production is up 30% in the past century and will increase even more in the coming one.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Perhaps this is a great opportunity to create a really useful resource out of waste material. If they don’t know how to manage forests, then they can learn to manage the
by-products, at least out-of-season.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">+++++++++<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">All,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Sorry for the premature sending a moment ago.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I am confirming that I intend to provide details about the latest of the 4C kiln. I am not sure if I can complete it before I head to ETHOS next Thursday.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">IMHO, it will be worth the wait, and I will welcome collaborators who take the development further.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Doc / Dr TLUD / Paul S. Anderson, PhD<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Exec. Dir. of Juntos Energy Solutions NFP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">
<span style="color:#0563C1">psanders@ilstu.edu</span></a> Skype: paultlud<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Phone: Office: 309-452-7072 Mobile: 309-531-4434<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Website: <a href="https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drtlud.com&data=02%7C01%7C%7C13b63bc3b21f47907d6708d67cef47d3%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636833764469933764&sdata=NV1I6HAqfi1IWQBW%2Ff6Cf4sY2HAAuQJ51zYNXvGlmQ0%3D&reserved=0"><span style="color:#0563C1">www.drtlud.com</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style="border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Paul Taylor <<a href="mailto:potaylor@bigpond.com">potaylor@bigpond.com</a>>
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, January 17, 2019 6:14 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Anderson, Paul <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>>;
<a href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">biochar@yahoogroups.com</a>; Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> 'Hans-Peter Schmidt' - Switzerland - Nepal <<a href="mailto:schmidt@ithaka-institut.org">schmidt@ithaka-institut.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Biochar makers that are low emission, fire safe, and "look like" a stove, oven or heater<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">Hi all: I am in Australia confronted with the problem of dealing with the issue of excess fuel load in forests in a hot and warming environment. Forest services have
rejected in some areas any use ever of pre-burns because of high risk that they get away. People who would like to treat the fuel as a resource for making biochar on their own property are confronted with regulations that prevent any fire device except a stove
(cooking or heating).<br>
<br>
Ethos and Aprovecho have been about developing and perfecting stoves (that sometimes make biochar). I would like to develop and refine devices that make biochar and sometimes perform functions of a stove or heater, and importantly look like, a stove or heater
to the EPA when they come around. An important scale level would be 55g drum size reaction vessel (or outer envelope), optimized to make biochar with low smoke and VERY low fire danger, but passing the test that they are stove, firebox, heater or oven. The
dominant fuel that the device should be receptive to is limb wood, such as arm sized.<br>
<br>
The open flame-cap devices would clearly be perceived as a fire threat, and rightly so in high fire danger environments. Paul Anderson’s 4C device could be modified and refined to be safer, and to pass muster as a fire place, stove or heater, but serve primarily
to make good quantities of biochar. Is anybody working in this direction or seen good designs? <br>
<br>
Paul A, what refinements would you like to have present in the 4C when it is questioned by the EPA.<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
-- <br>
Paul Taylor, PhD<br>
Ed/Author: The Biochar Revolution<br>
Transforming Agriculture and the Environment<br>
<a href="https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebiocharrevolution.com&data=02%7C01%7C%7C13b63bc3b21f47907d6708d67cef47d3%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636833764469933764&sdata=EyB%2Fn5XAPi4vDMDIwB3RvGLwoclsOv04KiU7%2BwsmAJM%3D&reserved=0">http://www.thebiocharrevolution.com</a><br>
<a href="https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ithaka-institut.org%2Fen&data=02%7C01%7C%7C13b63bc3b21f47907d6708d67cef47d3%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636833764469933764&sdata=IMGit5Q1HuCiS27W5c%2FYrRK4YSAsnirrOzqyAsFT464%3D&reserved=0">http://www.ithaka-institut.org/en</a><br>
<a href="https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biochar-journal.org%2Fen&data=02%7C01%7C%7C13b63bc3b21f47907d6708d67cef47d3%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636833764469933764&sdata=yU17sK4QFYFsxC35bVezp7cYdcVF7XBV0VS0zFTj4Q8%3D&reserved=0">http://www.biochar-journal.org/en</a><br>
Phone, US: 1-415-233-7366<br>
Skype: potaylor<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On 12/22/18, 4:43 AM, "Anderson, Paul" <<a href="https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=psanders%40ilstu.edu&data=02%7C01%7C%7C13b63bc3b21f47907d6708d67cef47d3%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636833764469933764&sdata=wsa2cPxWQ4A85ATHgdkNlgISOm2G3D191f15ps6rLuQ%3D&reserved=0">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>>
wrote:</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">fficult for clean air agencies to regulate them for health reasons. More and more data says ultrafine particulate emissions are linked to an incredible array of human diseases and health consequences.
With the need to sequester as much carbon into the soils as global warming suggests, it will be incredibly difficult to prevent mankind from endangering itself with a health consequences of particulate emissions.<br>
<br>
With your experience on these quick and dirty flame cap kilns, what is your "sense of appreciation" for them.<br>
<br>
Norm<br>
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><br>
On Tue, Dec 4, 2018 at 5:07 PM Paul Taylor <<u><span style="color:blue"><a href="https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=potaylor%40bigpond.com&data=02%7C01%7C%7C13b63bc3b21f47907d6708d67cef47d3%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636833764469933764&sdata=6Ltjvz9T50ffQDlSOTuPbN0c8FI7Ikb9DlNZU12hXtM%3D&reserved=0">potaylor@bigpond.com</a></span></u>>
wrote:</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">With a vortexing flame cap mode and incremental fuel feed at the completion of TLUD mode there is no need for other primary air entering from the bottom. Unless some further oxidation is desired
for enhanced functional groups on the char, open PA at the bottom presents the insecurity of losing some char. If a portion of the flame cap exits the down-drafting vortexing mode, or the TLUD develops common internal convection loops (such as up the center
and down the colder walls), easily enhanced by chaotic</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
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