<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:#0563C1;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:#954F72;
text-decoration:underline;}
p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0
{mso-style-name:msonormal;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0cm;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0cm;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
span.EmailStyle18
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle20
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle22
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang="EN-CA" link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72">
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Thanks Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Something not mentioned is that when you have a fire burning under one of those perforated sheets, for example, the vertical height of that very hot zone can create quite a high pressure, relatively
speaking, compared with a really open design. You can see from the flames that the velocity is quite high in those photos – that is the result of the high temperature (low EA) and pressure resulting from buoyancy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">That serves to drive the gases through those tiny slots. This is a completely different approach from that taken by Paul Olivier or Riaz Ahmad (at CAU in Beijing) where the burner is ‘remote and
the flames are above the holes. What that perforated plates is doing is acting as an ignition device for any gases that were not yet going to burn to completion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I discovered this technique building down-draft coal burners. If the grate is “heavy” meaning cold even when the fire is large, the flames are extinguished if they contact the metal. However if
the metal is very thin, it gets yellow-hot and acts as an ignition source instead of as a quencher. Big difference. Obviously the metal has to be able to take those temperatures so it has limited usefulness as an updraft idea, but a lot of application for
down-drafting. Many models were made using Kanthal wire as the grate and ignition source.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Crispin,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Your comments should help encourage everyone to continue the quest for cleaner combustion. Much could depend on the velocity with which the created combustible gases are PRESSED (pushed) or DRAWN (pulled) through some
configuration.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I think one point is clear: constriction or limitation for the passageways for the gases can play a generally favorable role to get better mixing and combustion, but only to a certain point where overly-obstructed passageways
hinder the flow (so put on more pressure or more pulling draft).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Doc / Dr TLUD / Paul S. Anderson, PhD<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Exec. Dir. of Juntos Energy Solutions NFP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">
psanders@ilstu.edu</a> Skype: paultlud<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Phone: Office: 309-452-7072 Mobile: 309-531-4434<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Website: <a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drtlud.com&data=02%7C01%7C%7C425d7a1d76864155c07308d6937f60de%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636858572625660338&sdata=gHjpwauj9IBNqYWRLQtGm9pflspj10VEoXOzbdpNJ9I%3D&reserved=0">
www.drtlud.com</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>