<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class="page" title="Page 4"><table style="border-collapse: collapse" class=""><tbody class=""><tr class=""><td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(100.000000%, 100.000000%, 100.000000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.480000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.480000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class=""><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9pt;" class="">227</span>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(100.000000%, 100.000000%, 100.000000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.600000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.480000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana'" class="">466
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(100.000000%, 100.000000%, 100.000000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.600000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana'" class="">606
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(100.000000%, 100.000000%, 100.000000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.486010pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana'" class="">472
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(100.000000%, 100.000000%, 100.000000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.479980pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.486010pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana'" class="">508</span></p></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="page" title="Page 5"><div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 12.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana'; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(100.000000%, 100.000000%, 100.000000%)" class="">on</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">[RWL</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse" class=""><colgroup class=""><col style="width: 37.319037%" class=""><col style="width: 17.389923%" class=""><col style="width: 16.299740%" class=""><col style="width: 13.789899%" class=""><col style="width: 15.201400%" class="">
</colgroup><tbody class=""><tr class="">
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(0.000000%, 69.000000%, 94.100000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.600000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480010pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(100.000000%, 100.000000%, 100.000000%)" class="">Difference to IB only
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(0.000000%, 69.000000%, 94.100000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.480010pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480010pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(100.000000%, 100.000000%, 100.000000%)" class="">IB+Grate
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(0.000000%, 69.000000%, 94.100000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.600000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480010pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.480010pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(100.000000%, 100.000000%, 100.000000%)" class="">IB+Stones
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(0.000000%, 69.000000%, 94.100000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.486000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480010pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(100.000000%, 100.000000%, 100.000000%)" class="">IB+rocks
bed+metal
grate
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(0.000000%, 69.000000%, 94.100000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.480040pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480010pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.486000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(100.000000%, 100.000000%, 100.000000%)" class="">IB+rocks
bed+conical
pot skirt
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.480010pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.600000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-weight: 700" class="">Total time taken (inclusive of
lighting period)
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.480010pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.480010pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(61.200000%, 0.000000%, 2.350000%)" class="">26.0%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.480010pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.600000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.480010pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class=""><span style="color: rgb(156, 0, 6); font-family: ArialMT; font-size: 10pt;" class="">12.6%</span>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.480010pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.486000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(61.200000%, 0.000000%, 2.350000%)" class="">29.0%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.480010pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.480040pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.486000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(61.200000%, 0.000000%, 2.350000%)" class="">33.4%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.600000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.600000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'" class="">Wood fuel equiv. consumed
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(77.600000%, 93.700000%, 80.800000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.480010pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.600000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 38.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">-46.9%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(77.600000%, 93.700000%, 80.800000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.600000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.600000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.480010pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 38.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">-30.9%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(77.600000%, 93.700000%, 80.800000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.486000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.600000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 38.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">-46.2%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(77.600000%, 93.700000%, 80.800000%); border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.480040pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.600000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.486000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 38.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">-42.1%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.600000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.600000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'" class="">Wood fuel equiv. cons./min
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(77.600000%, 93.700000%, 80.800000%); border-top-width: 0.600000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.480010pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 38.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">-57.9%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(77.600000%, 93.700000%, 80.800000%); border-top-width: 0.600000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.600000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.480010pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 38.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">-38.2%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(77.600000%, 93.700000%, 80.800000%); border-top-width: 0.600000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.486000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 38.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">-58.4%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; background-color: rgb(77.600000%, 93.700000%, 80.800000%); border-top-width: 0.600000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.480040pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.486000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(0.000000%, 38.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">-56.7%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.600000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Arial'; font-weight: 700" class="">High Power Thermal Efficiency
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.480010pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(61.200000%, 0.000000%, 2.350000%)" class="">49.3%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.600000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.480010pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(61.200000%, 0.000000%, 2.350000%)" class="">18.8%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.486000pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.600000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(61.200000%, 0.000000%, 2.350000%)" class="">52.0%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid; border-top-width: 0.480000pt; border-top-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-right-width: 0.480040pt; border-right-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-bottom-width: 0.480000pt; border-bottom-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%); border-left-width: 0.486000pt; border-left-color: rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 0.000000%)" class="">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ArialMT'; color: rgb(61.200000%, 0.000000%, 2.350000%)" class="">48.4%
</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br class=""><div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">[R</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: none" class="">
<li class=""><p class=""><b class=""><font face="SymbolMT" class=""><span style="font-size: 9pt;" class="">[RWL3: The first row above shows some </span>surprisingly<span style="font-size: 9pt;" class=""> large </span></font></b><font face="SymbolMT" class=""><b class="">differences in time taken. I hope that Ha Hoang can give some reasons - I don’t see a reason that time taken to start a boils should increase much. But if one is using a lot less wood to keep the temp just close to boiling, then taking longer with less wood is also a plus. - which might say the use with the skirt is best. I don’t understand this well yet.</b></font></p><div class=""><b class="">RWL4: Case B is still a surprise for 3 bottom rows The other three cases are not much different from each other. But I think it could help hundreds of millions of stove users to do more work on further perturbations with rocks rather than grates.</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div class=""><b class="">[RWL5: I’d like to better understand the efficiency number - apparently doesn’t include the full test period? Only the high power portion?</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div class=""><b class=""> I don’t see a good reason to stop and restart when reaching a boil. Would seem to make it difficult to compare tests.</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div class="">SNV6. <span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: SymbolMT;" class=""> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana;" class="">With all rocks bed setting variation (A, B, C, D), the efficiency and fuel consumption are substantially
higher compare to iron bar only (IB). This is explained by superior air circulation with the
grate/stones, more concentrated fire directed to the bottom of the pot that improves heat transfer
and less heat loss to the ground.</span></div><p class=""><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana'" class=""><b class="">[RWL6: Agree with most. But why is the fire more </b></span><font face="Verdana" class=""><b class="">concentrated? Would this still hold if the IB itself was a little shorter?</b></font></p>
</li>
<li class=""><p class=""><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'SymbolMT'" class=""><br class=""></span></p><p class=""><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'SymbolMT'" class="">SNV7. </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: SymbolMT;" class=""> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana;" class="">Fuel consumption and efficiency for Grate options (A and C) reduce more than rocks bed only option
(B) since the grate allows for better air mixture and optimal combustion. The grate holes creates a
better draft that is directed the fire.</span></p><p class=""><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana'" class=""><b class="">[RWL7: Probably </b></span><font face="Verdana" class=""><b class="">all true - and argues for grates over rocks. But maybe a better selection of rocks? I’d like to see a direct comparison between thick ceramic and thin metal grates. Finding an optimum grate could cost or save a lot of money. </b></font></p><div class=""><blockquote style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; padding: 0px;" class=""><b class="">Zooming in on the metal plate looks like maybe the holes were punched rather than drilled - which could be a major help in keeping them open. Three short bolts might give better performance than rocks below (and cost only a few pennies).</b></blockquote><blockquote style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; padding: 0px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></blockquote><blockquote style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; padding: 0px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></blockquote></div>
</li>
<li class=""><p class=""><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'SymbolMT'" class="">SNV8. </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: SymbolMT;" class=""> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana;" class="">The performance of ceramic grate is quite similar to the metal grate with 2 layers of rocks bed.
However, as observed during the previous KPT, the ceramic grate is very easy to be broken so if
disseminating the cooking innovation, the metal grate with rocks bed might be a more durable
solution.</span></p><div class=""> <b class="">[RWL8: I vaguely recall the KPT. Probably little numerical data to help us to optimize. I hope others can chime in on comparing ceramic to metal grates.</b></div>
</li>
<li class=""><p class=""><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'SymbolMT'" class=""><br class=""></span></p><p class=""><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'SymbolMT'" class="">SNV9 </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana'" class="">When putting the conical pot skirt around the pot (D) for rocks bed only option, the efficiency and
fuel consumption was improved and closer to the Grate options (A and C). With this setting, part of
the hot air instead of radiating outside, it will concentrated by the conical pot skirt and heating the
pot. Therefore the heat was better optimized. Looking at the smoke went straight up around the pot
in the video </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana'; color: rgb(3.140000%, 32.200000%, 58.800000%)" class="">Conical pot skirt.mp4 </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana'" class="">could illustrate the above conclusion. </span></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b class="">[RWL9: This could be the most exciting part of the report. The other 3 cases would seem to say the cone should also be combined </b><b class="">- not with stones -</b><b class=""> but with a grate.</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The mp4 link goes to </b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JExCPpuKlBbzo50T5UfRG37l-mLybqxu/view" class="">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JExCPpuKlBbzo50T5UfRG37l-mLybqxu/view</a> . <b class="">29 seconds are worth watching.</b></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b class="">Has anyone seen this particular type of skirt? The top of the cone is slightly larger than the pot. (How much?) I can’t tell how high the cone comes above the bottom of the cook pot.</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>It would be interesting to see more about how the flame flow separates away from the pot. Whether adding a more traditional vertical cylinder (not cone - or maybe the same cone??) could also be worth its likely relative small cost.</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>In sum, I congratulate SNV for doing a very nice job. And especially to Kevin for instigating (and paying?) for the test.</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>I look forward also to seeing how much char can be produced by a cook. Maybe with corn cobs?</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Next for me is the justification for the present ISO WBT handling of this future char - my promised rationale for the “denominator equation”. </b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div class=""><b class="">Ron</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Jan 25, 2020, at 12:56 PM, Ronal Larson <<a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net" class="">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="auto" class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;">List: cc Crispin and Kevin<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I respond here because Crispin has attributed to me a WBT position I have never held. I also intend in two later messages: </div><div class=""><br class=""><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>a. to talk about the test results that SNV has reported for Kevin re rocks and grates. (Which Crispin has misunderstood repeatedly below)</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>b. to talk about the way that charcoal should be handled in any WBT (which Crispin has said (below and often) are wrong)</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">See inserts below.<br class=""><div class="">:</div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Jan 22, 2020, at 4:30 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" class="">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">Dear Friends<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">This testing by the SNV lab has been done using their Simplified Water Boiling Test (SWBT). It is not the same as the ISO test in terms of calculations, and it is also not the same as the WBT in certain respects, being closer to the latter than the former.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">The important difference is that you will note in the report that was attached to Kevin’s message the use of the term “Wood fuel equivalent consumed”. This is the bugbear of that WBT – it does not report the wood consumed to operate the stove, it reports the dry wood fuel equivalent of the energy presumed to have been released from missing fuel mass, with a crude compensation made for the charcoal remaining in the ashes under the fire. The more char created, the bigger the deduction.</span></div></div></div></blockquote><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL1: Crispin is introducing charcoal for an unknown reason; SNV reports nothing on char. Probably a small amount of char was produced - and I guess it was probably handled correctly. In any case, any char amount was probably the same for all (5) tests </b></div><div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The word “equivalent" was used in comparing to a test using gas - and I found that helpful. </b></div><div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Repeat - I hope all will read the report. You won’t understand my remarks below without reading the SNV report - here: </b></div></div></div></div><span id="cid:43D048F4-D016-4095-8880-2C4C28331556@hsd1.co.comcast.net"><SNV WBT Rock Bed with Variations.pdf></span><div dir="auto" class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">I have almost nothing on this fine report below. That is coming as item a) above.</b></div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">The problem with this approach (which dates back to 1985) is that the method was designed for stoves that all burn pretty much the same way, leaving about the same amount of char (as a % of total fuel burned). Kevin’s modification changes this % of fuel appearing as char at the end. Direct comparisons between stoves, in this case the same stove with a change, are not valid if one is purporting to report the fuel needed to light a fire and cook a meal. The WBT doesn’t do that.</span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL2: Crispin was apparently assuming a char aspect of the test that was not there.</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>But this is still an important topic - coming later (my item b) </b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">This issue came to light in 2007 when I made a big noise about it and some efforts were made to propose suitable corrections to the method. An ETHOS technical Committee as formed to correct the test, but did so under secret instruction not to have the resulting change invalidate a body of work that had already been completed. So that effort failed even though the problem was obvious, more so with stoves that produce a relatively large amount of char. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL3: I know only vaguely about this - but believe that a huge majority of individuals and countries approved the current ISO standard (that came out of the 2nd ISO panel - led by Jim Jetter.</b><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">Ron Larson did his best to assert that the remaining char should be treated as unburned fuel that could be used in a different fire.</span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL4: I certainly wanted that energy in char be accounted for. It needs treatment<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u class="">very differen</u>t from “unburned fuel”. We are talking here about what I have called the “denominator equation” - which remains in almost everyone’s WBT (thankfully).</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">He then planned to bury the char for carbon sequestration. </span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL5: I started worrying about this topic way before I had ever heard of carbon sequestration. My initial efforts in the early 1990’s were to save forests. I would support every/any effort to outlaw charcoal for cooking - unless that charcoal was produced in a stove (and almost none is - and in any case all char should go in the ground).</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">His position was that the stove should be made to look as if it didn’t use much fuel so it would get a high “energy efficiency rating” and then have the char to sequester and that such a rating was “needed”. </span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL6: Not a correct interpretation of my views. I applaud the use of “tiers” - they are helpful in getting cleaner and more efficient stoves. I think it critical that stoves that make char can be compared (via tiers) with those that don’t. I believe that Crispin thinks they should not be or cannot be compared. (Clarification requested.)</b><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">A very long drawn out argument ensued in the halls of this channel and the ISO meetings about whether it was legitimate to report the “energy released value converted to an equivalent dry mas of fuel” or the actual fuel mass needed to run the fire. </span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL7: True - and the current ISO standard allows the comparison that I (and most stovers) desire.</b><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">Now, for Kevin this matters a lot. The advantage of the rock bed and the metal grate on rocks with or without rocks on top is to burn the char instead of having it left over. It reduced emissions and reduces the fuel needed to cook. When SNV reports that there was a set of SWBT’s run and the difference between the three stove fire and the rock grate was a fuel saving of 35%, and the metric used was Wood fuel equivalent consumed, the answer given is actually high compared with a “real test” and low compared with a similar test conducted on a three stone fire. For example in one test the reported value was 38% but the actual value was 34% (a difference of more than 10% of value). The technical change saves more fuel than that, if the energy in the char mass remaining was deducted from the energy released from the fuel actually consumed<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">for both stoves</i>. </span></div></div></div></blockquote><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL8: I repeat - this SNV report never mentions the word “char”. Weird. The words “34”, “35”, and “38” refer to differences in geometry (5 variations), not charcoal.</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I probably talk to Kevin more than anyone reading this. His interest has so far not been in char - only zero cost methods of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u class="">saving</u><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>fuel (with obvious no-cost health benefits as well). The unique idea Kevin has brought to the stove “table” is using church groups for training. Reports to him are that millions have adopted the zero-cost efficiency methods - in a few months.</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Kevin is kindly hosting today at ETHOS a joint paper wondering if churches might similarly want to do the same for char-based stove systems that go beyond saving money - rather<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u class="">making</u><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>money.</b></div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">If anyone needs further clarification, I can provide it.</span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL9: Yes, please.</b><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">If the test was a WTB or a char-deducted SWBT, the error is the same: the stove uses more fuel than the “Wood fuel equivalent consumed” indicates. However, the char remaining with the grate will be much less so the error (from true value) is smaller. This means there is a mismatch between the errors in the comparison report. The rocks+grate will have a smaller error than the three stove fire because the mass of char (as a %) is smaller.</span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL10: No comment possible - since (as far as I know) Crispin has totally mis-interpreted this test. If char was important, I am sure the SNV testers (who look like they have done an excellent job) would have reported char amounts and differences.</b><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">If you have the spreadsheet that was used to create a test report, set the value of char remaining to zero for all three sections of the test and the mass of fuel needed to operate the stove throughout the test will be reported “reasonably correctly” if it was done near sea level. </span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL11: I totally disagree. As said above, a different rationale for the “denominator equation” is coming.</b><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">When the adaptation or improvement to the stove results in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">a drop in the mass of char produced</b>, a WBT in any form under-reports the level of improvement. The improvement is not “conservative”, it is “wrong”. In fact both are wrong, but one is<i class="">not</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">as wrong</i>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL12: I doubt this is true - but to be continued. The converse says that as char production increases, the WBT over-reports. I don’t believe that.</b><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">It is worth noting that the fixing of this error in the WBT has been strongly resisted by: Berkeley (LBNL), EPA, ANSI, Colorado State U, Illinois State U, PCIA, Berkeley Air, Aprovecho, GACC (currently the official custodian of the WBT) and Envirofit.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL13: Pretty impressive list!</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""> The error (which in general over-reports performance, especially of Rocket-type stoves with no grate) is bundled into the calculations of hundreds of CDM, VCS, GS and VERRA carbon-trading projects.</span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL14: Can’t comment since I have no idea what the claimed error is.</b><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">Envirofit and GERES both produced their own versions of the WBT but did not correct this fundamental error in reporting the fuel consumption. The former added two more errors, and GERES corrected one. </span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL15: Ditto.</b><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">The new ISO standard lab test permits the reporting of a corrected version and the original erroneous version, and the wording is such that it is easy to be deceived into thinking one is the other. Worse, the Field Test mentions as a test method the Berkeley CCT 2.0 (2003) which has the same fuel consumption error, so that is a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">fail</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>too. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL16: Ditto.</b><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">In all cases, try to be clear about which test was used, which metric is being reported to you, and which errors have been included in the result. The difference can easily push your stove up or down one or in the case of char making stoves, two tiers. These test results are not interchangeable.</span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL17: I doubt.</b><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">If you want to know what to use instead, try the EAP CSI Test used in Indonesia 2012-2017, later fully developed into the CSI test for stoves, heating stove and low pressure boilers. It is used as the default test method at the following labs:</span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL18: Cite? I have seen one paper from China that produced a lot of char and never measured it - not in their procedures.</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I look forward to Crispin supplying a more concise replacement of the equations in error and the corrected version. I am saying here that I trust Jim Jetter. I have not enough time to go looking for something that should only require a few right and wrong equations.<br class=""></b><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">SEET Lab, Ulaanbaatar<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">BEST Lab, China Agricultural University, Beijing<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">YDD Lab, Yogyakarta, Indonesia<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">Ministry of Energy Lab, Jakarta, Indonesia<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">Stove Testing Lab, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa</span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL19: Yes - there was controversy from some of these groups and countries. I was never close to the voting, but think it was close to 10:1 against this view.</b><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">Given that Kevin has achieved such significant results with very inexpensive methods, and that there is a real possibility the relative performance is being under-reported,</span></div></div></div></blockquote><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL20: Above, I read the term “over-reported”. Why now under?</b></div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">it is perhaps wise to hold a session at ETHOS this year to discuss the implications and possible retroactive corrective measures that might be taken in light of the persistent refusal for years to correct these fundamental problems in performance assessment - but expect .</span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL21: I would hope so too - but expect confirmation - not correction.</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div class=""><b class="">Ron (repeating my promised a) and b) from above)</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">Regards<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="">Crispin<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><b class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" class="" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>K McLean<br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Wednesday, January 22, 2020 11:22<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Stoves and Biofuels Network <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" class="" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>[Stoves] WBT test results: metal grate with rock bed and conical pot skirt<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;">SNV just released the attached test results that I find very exciting.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;">Compared to an open-fire cookstove without modifications:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><blockquote class="" style="margin-left: 30pt; margin-right: 0cm;"><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;">46% less firewood - metal grate under rock bed<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;">42% less firewood - conical pot skirt.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></blockquote><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;">SNV performed Simplified Water Boil Tests (SWBT) which only tested thermal efficiency, not emissions.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><b class=""><u class=""><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;">Metal Grate and Rock Bed</span></u></b><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;">The first test was a modification of rock beds alone. Last year, SNV's SWBT showed a 31% improvement in fuel usage by adding a rock bed to an unmodified open-fire cookstove. In this new test, SNV added a metal grate under the rock bed and elevated the grate by a few very small rocks. With the metal grate and rock bed, fuel saving jumped to 46%, compared to the unmodified stove. This is a simple modification that can be made and sold for well under 1 USD.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><b class=""><u class=""><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;">Conical Pot Skirt</span></u></b><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;">A conical pot skirt directs the hot gases of an open-fire cookstove to the cookpot. It is easy to make and inexpensive to make, probably around 1 USD. SNV's SWBT found that it reduced fuel usage by 42%.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;">The conical pot skirt has limitations. It may not work well with three-stone. (We are working on other pot skirt designs for three-stone.) In SNV's configuration, the skirt was custom made to the pot with a 1cm gap. Further testing is needed to determine the amount of efficiency lost when used with a smaller pot, and therefore a bigger gap.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span id="cid:image002.jpg@01D5D119.930F03C0" class=""><image002.jpg></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b class="">[RWL: Given above.</b><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12pt;">We next need to test with rock bed, metal grate and pot skirt. I hope we'll find the fuel efficiency is improved by more than 60%.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br clear="all" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Thank you,<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Kevin<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><i class="">Kevin McLean, President</i><o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><i class="">Sun24</i><o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><i class=""><a href="https://eur04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsun24.solar&data=02%7C01%7C%7C68b4b09031ec4d4c877f08d79f5791b6%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637153071090435200&sdata=4bKyzbMuEFhVtVe8tT%2F3FQGhnw9gF4i4sB6cP2HG83I%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank" class="" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">https://sun24.solar</a> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://eur04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fdocument%2Fd%2F1ZryS7gQ1q3zKLZPM2KcXdtIHbOYQp4PbloPqMvrlZ5Y%2Fedit%3Fusp%3Dsharing&data=02%7C01%7C%7C68b4b09031ec4d4c877f08d79f5791b6%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637153071090445208&sdata=zf7y5lEcWWtn8%2Bb7JW7wTpbPh8n941soE3VWx4%2B9XPg%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank" class="" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">Sun24 Cookstoves Overview</a></i><o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><i class="">Tampa, Florida, USA</i><o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><i class="">+1 (813) 505-3340</i><o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><div class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> <img border="0" width="96" height="96" id="_x0000_i1026" src="https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=13teZQbnv_6ek6JkEy-4n0yyUVTrl3M2W&revid=0B8zNcWsuiuj3N2RuVFFYL3EvdElxR1lDcm9QQVlaL0F4VnVFPQ" class="" style="width: 1in; height: 1in;"> <img border="0" width="96" height="96" id="_x0000_i1027" src="https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=11k6wcaMcCbykOoLu-Qo4n6Kbdhplk_er&revid=0B8zNcWsuiuj3ejdsRjRXQWU2OW4rVUpwMUx0Q0U0eXgxcStBPQ" class="" style="width: 1in; height: 1in;"><o:p class=""></o:p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;">_______________________________________________</span><br class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;">Stoves mailing list</span><br class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><br class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;">to Send a Message to the list, use the email address</span><br class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" class="" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><br class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;">to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page</span><br class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" class="" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><br class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;">for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:</span><br class="" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" class="" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a></div></blockquote></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></div></div></div></body></html>