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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Thank you Tom.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">For CDM projects, there is no consideration given for the removal of char in the fuel efficiency calculations, which underlies the determine of generation of CER’s. There easily cold be, but there
is not. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Only a reduction of fuel consumption is considered, and that is field-assessed. If one were to argue that the char was being sequestered in an inaccessible and permanent manner, one could propose
a new rule for the calculation of GHG’s considering retained char. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The only thing they record for stove projects is fuel mass harvested for cooking. Obviously there is an implication that the carbon is (largely) released as CO2.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Stoves <stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Tom Miles<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, January 27, 2020 17:54<br>
<b>To:</b> stoves@bioenergylists.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Stoves] Charcoal and Stoves<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">It was an eventful gathering at the ETHOS meeting in Kirkland, Washington, USA, this weekend. Many thanks to Elisa Derby, Nordica MaCarty, the ETHOS board and volunteers for our 20th year celebration. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">It was apparent to me from the advanced modelling, lab performance data, field tests and field experiences which were reported that charcoal is an important component of household energy and food security. Within the stove charcoal combustion
contributes high peak temperatures which can improve performance and reduce emissions. This is demonstrated in the addition of the "Jet-Flame" to a Rocket Stove, which I view as a charcoal burner. By introducing a little pressurized air at the grate you can
"low on the coals". The addition of uniformly distributed undergrate air, with even a little pressure, is enough to improve char combustion and shorten the flame, which should indicate increased carbon monoxide burnout. Aprovecho showcased the Jet-Flame at
ETHOS. Their testing showed nearly complete charcoal burnout. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201911/08/WS5dc507d8a310cf3e355763b2_2.html">https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201911/08/WS5dc507d8a310cf3e355763b2_2.html</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Others from Lifeline said there were circumstances where the charcoal is very important for other uses in the household and that burning out charcoal would not be desired. Someone
with a better memory can remind me of what those uses were, </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Biochar advocates want to make charcoal for use in the soil while cooking, which is usually accomplished by removing charcoal faster than you are consume it. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">In cases where we want to leave residual charcoal or remove it to make biochar we need to balance the performance benefits of burning the charcoal with the household needs or
food security - biochar - benefits. We have new tools but we need to find out how best to use them. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Tom</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">-- <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">T R Miles Technical Consultants, Inc<br>
Portland, OR 97225<o:p></o:p></p>
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