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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dear Paul’n’All<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Testing for “methane” is unlikely to have been done by more than a few people. Methane is normally detected by an NDIR cell which illuminates a chamber with an infrared laser and measures what response
there is at different wavelengths. One may obtain an NDIR cell from places such as Infrared Industries in California for $1500 which quite a lot of capabilities including full communication.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">These cells read more than one thing at a time. For example, one can have a “window” with special glass that only passes a narrow set of frequencies from “hydrocarbons”. The typical cell in an
Enerac (the inventors of the all-in-one combustion analyser) has an NDIR cell with 4 windows. One is a reference signal, and the other three are for specific gases. However, it is more complicated that “picking a gas”. The cell reads CO, and CO2, and “hydrocarbons”
centered on methane. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">This “centering” means it uses a detector to interpret what comes in and the centre of the frequency range is CH4. However it is listed as a CxHy where y=2x. It will detect a number of gases including
methane, with the centre of the range of sensitivity mathematically adjusted to read methane more strongly than the others, but it is not a “methane detector”. That is why it claims to detect “hydrocarbons”.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">So, from the get-go, most claims to have measured methane in the field should be taken with a grain of salt. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Next, what are the attendant claims? Why is someone anxious to know what the methane emissions are? There is nearly no methane in the atmosphere – something like 2.7 ppb IIRC. All over the world
there are natural gas seeps from underground. The Earth bleeds methane constantly from millions of sources, but it disappears. Why? It is converted in sunlight to CO2.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Let me guess: Someone is making extravagant and extrapolated claims about methane from charcoal production.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">As for the “Lorena stove”, performance claims made about a multi-pot stove are to be questioned closely. What test was used? What performance metric was reported? Was the test employed intended
to report the performance of a single-pot stove applied to a multi0pot stove?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Lorena stoves come in literally all sizes and heat one or more pots. Many heat 4. The common test was the Berkeley WBT 3.x and 4.x which is supposed to be able to handle up to 4 pots. What was
the claim made about Lorena stoves being “less than an open fire? Specific fuel consumption to cook one pot? Multiple pots?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">How was a multi-pot stove compared with an open fire? Was the open fire used to cook 4 pots or one? How was the open fire operated, because many people have shown that an open fire is 30% efficient.
Testing two and three pot sand/clay stoves in Indonesia, it is pretty easy to achieve that mark.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Cecil and I have good friends who built a large Lorena stove in the early 80’s and used if every day. It saved a lot of fuel compared with an open fire, it got the smoke out of the house, and it
stored a lot of heat to warm the house overnight. They like it and promoted it in their nearby communities.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Sometimes the “mistake” that needs to be admitted is that the rating measures were selected in error. There is no point in repeating a test to assess a metric chosen in error. It is as pointless
as naval-gazing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">This is not: <a href="https://youtu.be/vN30emwcNS4">
https://youtu.be/vN30emwcNS4</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Spread that, instead of fears about methane from charcoal. You might help someone, a lot.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Stoves <stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Anderson, Paul<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Dean and Sam and Nordica (leaders at Aprovecho) and all (especially Ryan Thompson and Christian Rakos),<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Your newsletter is appreciated, and the message this time needs to be taken to heart by all of us (see below). Inventions need to be tested and claims should not be based on the absence of evidence.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">One point that comes to mind is the comment that there is methane coming off of the fires of flame-cap charcoal makers (open top cavity kilns) such as the Oregon kilns and Kon-Tiki. This also could apply to my covered
top cavity kilns.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I know that char makers are not the focus of Aprovecho. My question is whether or not Aprovecho has tested for methane or could test for methane. And if Ryan or Christian do testing for methane.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">And then the questions become: What results are known? Where and how can methane emissions from flame cap kilns (open or covered tops) be conducted? Is this an important topic?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">There is a corollary to the Aprovecho statement in the newsletter: Issues such as methane emissions that are NOT tested should not be readily embraced as if the doubts are actually true or worthy of embracing.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Looking forward to the discussion. <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Doc / Dr TLUD / Paul S. Anderson, PhD --- Website:
<a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drtlud.com%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7Ca60c0d7bbf6d4e0208ac08d8b8a6cabb%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637462373787978369%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=XUckfrxzJGGUGrqgwk82nuvHerW8ik8yLoh0blnp2tI%3D&reserved=0">
<span style="color:#0563C1">www.drtlud.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">
<span style="color:#0563C1">psanders@ilstu.edu</span></a> Skype: paultlud<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> Phone: Office: 309-452-7072 Mobile & WhatsApp: 309-531-4434<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Exec. Dir. of Juntos Energy Solutions NFP Go to:
<a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.juntosnfp.org%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7Ca60c0d7bbf6d4e0208ac08d8b8a6cabb%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637462373787978369%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=PTdC2ELdatPkYBUiDppdMR094GljX2sVlxLBmeSNl3Q%3D&reserved=0">
<span style="color:#0563C1">www.JuntosNFP.org</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Inventor of RoCC kilns and author of Biochar white paper : See
<a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.woodgas.energy%2Fresources&data=04%7C01%7C%7Ca60c0d7bbf6d4e0208ac08d8b8a6cabb%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637462373787988361%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=BoiiqqjOJfk4d4gRxbWLLgFqMOyvIcEwCgoA6DsEpjs%3D&reserved=0">
<span style="color:#0563C1">www.woodgas.energy/resources</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Author of “<i>A Capitalist Carol</i>” (free digital copies at
<a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capitalism21.org%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7Ca60c0d7bbf6d4e0208ac08d8b8a6cabb%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637462373787988361%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=Rh657jLXeznQO920EDdctRYBi0SITSLWvSp%2BAKC6lww%3D&reserved=0">
<span style="color:#0563C1">www.capitalism21.org</span></a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> with pages 88 – 94 about solving the world crisis for clean cookstoves.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Aprovecho Research Center <<a href="mailto:info@aprovecho.org">info@aprovecho.org</a>>
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, January 13, 2021 7:31 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Aprovecho Research Center eNewsletter <<a href="mailto:enewsletter@aprovecho.org">enewsletter@aprovecho.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> ARC E-Newsletter 1/13/21: Inventor's Pride - Watch Out!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#EB0000">[This message came from an external source. If suspicious, report to
<a href="mailto:abuse@ilstu.edu">abuse@ilstu.edu</a>] <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aprovecho.org%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7Ca60c0d7bbf6d4e0208ac08d8b8a6cabb%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637462373787998355%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=xRBQkqV0u0Zigs6ps4f%2BFNRKstUZMbeHQ8cVPbHROBU%3D&reserved=0"><span style="border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="100%" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.jpg@01D6EB0F.072ACA90" alt="Image removed by sender. E-news from Aprovecho Research Center"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:21.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#213B19">Inventor's Pride: Watch Out!<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:16.5pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm"><img border="0" width="100" height="100" style="width:1.0416in;height:1.0416in" id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image002.jpg@01D6EB0F.072ACA90" alt="Image removed by sender."></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:16.5pt"><em><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Almost perfect!</span></em><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:16.5pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Having unbiased villagers or Dr. Jim Jetter test Aprovecho’s Lorena stove might have helped to reduce our embarrassment when again and again the open fire
was proven to be much more fuel efficient! Inventor’s pride is a well-known human frailty. Creating a truth-telling team including all the folks concerned with a stove project helps to address the inventor who is doing what feels natural and right, but can
be misguided. It happens at ARC frequently!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:16.5pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">The ARC team has found that an engineer/researcher may know more about the thermodynamics of a stove, but the expertise of cooks, manufacturers, distributors,
retailers, and funders in the stove project need to be included in the decision making process from start to maturity. Test, test, test!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:16.5pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">As Dr. Kirk Smith said, “You get what you inspect, not what you expect”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:16.5pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Our advice is to test everything frequently from all angles and try to respond to problems without inventor’s pride. It’s not easy! Cognitive dissonance
messes up judgement all the time. It’s easy to think, “I am intelligent, and make good decisions.” Admitting a mistake can threaten that image of self. It can be really hard to hear someone say, “Man, that Lorena stove is terrible! How could you have been
so dumb?” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:16.5pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Use criticisms as a tool to improve your product. Take time to assess and define the problems. Consult with your team about how to make improvements, and
then move forward towards a more successful outcome.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:16.5pt"><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Find resources, publications and information about our work at
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aprovecho.org</a>.</span></i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">
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