<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class="">List and Rogerio (one of this list’s earliest contributors [and a great host when I visited him many years ago in Nicaragua - and now returned to his home in Brazil). - and a real expert on all sorts of stoves and maybe some of the following)</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>1. Glad to see this non-stove topic as so much of this list’s discussion is on char-making. These are extremely well done documents. </b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>2. I’ve skimmed the first (construction) and third (kiln use - both in English) documents on these (probably very new ?) Brazilian char-making kilns. I guess pertinent to this list as they are presumably much cleaner than the earlier versions- but there is no mention of the earlier - which had no chimney and I think always operated singly).. </b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>3. I hope you can answer some and forward some to Yasmin or others:</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: 15px; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15px;" class="">a. What is the average yield of char? Guessing more than 30%, as this is relatively low temperature char.. And they seem to have designed everything well. Wth your help?</span></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>b. What is the average cycle time for each of the coupled 4 kilns? 3 days of operation and 3 days to cool, plus a day or so for loading means a minimum of 7-8 days. But they probably never want three firing at the same time - yet want to have each idle as little as possible. But they also might not want to operate at night. Any details on this? (Wondering also if they could get by with 3 rather than 4 kilns in sequence - if the kilns were a little smaller.)</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>c. There is a tremendous loss of valuable thermal energy with zero use of the pyrolysis gases (reaching 800 C). Is there any way they can maybe find use for those gases? (Transport wood to the steel mills, encourage use of the heat for cement making, firing bricks, etc)?</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><b style="font-size: 15px;" class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>I have seen a video of 3 or 4 (?) TLUD 200 liter barrels that </b><b class=""><span style="font-size: 15px;" class="">were run in a similar “loop” fashion</span></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class="">.</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>I believe some biochar production facilities are finding ways to collect some valuable pyrolysis liquids. Could that be done here?</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>d. Would the steel industry accept char made in cookstoves (including planchas - if they could be converted)?</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>e. They must stop their pyrolysis at 360 C because the exothermic period ends about then. Any more details on reasons for that particular temperature char?</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>f. Has anybody thought of a way to use the high thermal output to get the kiln load up to the exothermic period?</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>g. The loading with most wood being vertical (about 1.5 meters?) is interesting. Has that always been the method of loading Brazilian kilns? Any air flow or other differences from horizontally stacked wood? Mandated with circular kilns?</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span> h. <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Brazil may have more available crop residue than any other country. Sugar cane bagasse may be the global leader in residue weight (I think still mostly unused). Can that be used to make char for the steel industry? (or to make biochar in these or similar kilns?)</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span> i. Any studies yet of the magnitude of the improvement in air quality? How soon can they (the steel industry?) replace the old kilns with this new methodology?</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span> j. How many staff to operate 4 kilns - and is there always something for that staff to do during those two 3-day pyrolysis and cooling periods? (This being of importance also possibly for biochar (not steel-making) reasons.)</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class="">`<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span> k. Any other questions I should have asked? Any expert analyses yet of this very interesting 4-kiln design?</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class="">Ron</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space; font-size: 15px;" class=""><b class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>(with some apologies as I got carried away with the topic)</b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div><br class=""></div><div><br class=""></div><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Dec 2, 2021, at 11:45 AM, Rogerio carneiro de miranda <<a href="mailto:carneirodemiranda@gmail.com" class="">carneirodemiranda@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large">Dera friends: here is the documentation about the charcoal kiln-furnace system for improved charcoaling and its greenhouse gases burning. It is a partnership between UFV: Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil and UNDP.<br class=""></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large"><br class=""></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large">Good afternoon Rogério<br class=""><br class="">I'm Yasmin, I work at the UNDP Sustainable Steel Project. Michelle (in copy) shared her interest in the Project's kiln-furnace material in languages other than Portuguese. We have this material in English and Spanish.<br class=""><br class="">Since the documents are heavy, I'll send you a OneDrive link so you can download it. I will then send the following documents: Forno-Fornalha Booklet (Operations) in English and Spanish; Oven-Furnace Booklet (Construction) in English and Spanish. I hope the material is useful to you!<br class=""><br class="">OneDrive Link: <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1tXdnRA5CjbPtQGOZMQlPD6yCQiNNU8qC?usp=sharing" class="">https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1tXdnRA5CjbPtQGOZMQlPD6yCQiNNU8qC?usp=sharing</a><br class=""><br class="">If you have any problems downloading this download, let me know and I'll send you another way.<br class=""><br class="">Yours sincerely,<br class=""> <br class="">Yasmin Azevedo<br class="">Intern at the GEF/DIM Project<br class="">Intern for GEF/DIM Projects<br class=""><br class="">United Nations Development Program | Brazil<br class=""></div></div>
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