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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>Crispin, Ron, <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'>Saravanakumar is still active in research. This was an attempt to gasify Prosopis without chipping it. I major Prosopis project in Kenya failed a few years ago partly because they kept wearing out knives in their Finnish chipper. It was designed as a cross draft gasifier which was intended to produce gas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'>There have been various cross gas gasifiers including one developed here to generate power from coffee husks. My favorite cross draft design was developed by Foster Wheeler in Hartlepool, UK, in 1980 for gasifying tires. It was called “Tyrolysis”. The intent was to pyrolyze the tires and make a heating oil product. It did not survive. Thermal conversion of tires is a challenge in any direction. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'>Tom </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> Stoves <stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Crispin Pemberton-Pigott<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, June 30, 2022 1:33 PM<br><b>To:</b> Stoves <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Gasifier without chopping the fuel into small pieces<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div id="response_container_BBPPID"><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'>Dear Ron<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'>I thought it was a cross draft stove because the primary air enters horizontally and the gases exit horizontally on the other side. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'>I see an air channel going to the right and up. I doubt that is an essential part of the combustion. When building a crossdraft stove it is necessary either to blow air down from the top of the fuel, or to vent gases produced in the fuel hopper. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'>I haven't decided if Saravanakumar is trying to make and collect char, of it he is focussed on getting a combustible gas as the main product. He is certainly not trying to cook. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'>I found his PhD thesis and his research is focussed on innovative combustion processes. What I found unusual with this paper was the intention to get good quality gas from chopped branches. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'>The 10 KW power rate is not a surprise given the fuel size. It is hard to get a small number of branches to easily easily. Making it bigger will definitely make the result more predictable. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'>It is nice to see that Tom Reed was a co-author. It must have been one of his last journal articles. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'>Regards <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'>Crispin <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div name=BB10 id="response_div_spacer_BBPPID"><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"initial",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div><div id="_original_msg_header_BBPPID"><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=3 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%'><tr><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><div id=from><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'> <a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Crispin and list: <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> Yes - an interesting paper. New to me, although a few years old.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>One could also describe this as a bottom lit updraft (BLUD) stove - which is usually down played. as desirable. And it has some relationships also to Rockets.- which are similarly bottom lit<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I doubt of much use to anyone working on family sized cook stoves - with its rating around 10 kWth. Users at that level won’t mind the needed blower. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>This apparently does a good job in minimizing time spent tending the fire (as does Kevin;’s and TLUDs).<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>What I found most interesting is better understanding the term "cross draft” - which is inherent also in Kevin McLean’s “Sun24”. But not TLUds using chips or pellets or holey briquettes or ball-shaped fuel.. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> “Cross draft” here meaning horizontal - neither “up”, nor down””. But there is clearly also updraft here along two of the four sides<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>The word “cross”. meaning that pyrolysis of the central portion of the long (60+ cm) fuel pieces occurs using hot O2 coming from each end of the gaps between 3 (or 4) round horizontal cylindrical pieces of tree “trunks” (maybe limbs).<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Being close together it seems much easier for the O2 to get to the pyrolysis region with inner inner horizontal air, not inner vertical air.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>This is the situation also in Kevin’s stove. Big difference is that Kevin’s O2 starts moving radially in after flowing (pushed) downward, not being pushed upward.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I have looked for and never found data on pressure differences at a pyrolysis front. This paper tells me that the pressure is lower at the inside glowing-flaming pyrolysis front. Complicated also by pyrolysis occurring with flames above and below logs and probably some flame motion inward (or outward.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>So it would seem that then air flow is fairly complicated where the pyrolysis gases are exiting the horizontal tree trunks. Hot gases are exiting, but O2 also has to be entering.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I don’t see this as helping make for cheaper cooking. Certainly not for making char (although a lot more could be made if desired I presume.)<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>TDR probably pretty good since there is a blower.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Anyone able to add to the air flow near the horizontally exiting pyrolysis gases? Both here and in Kevin’s char-making stove?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Ron<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Jun 29, 2022, at 12:46 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Dear Friends<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>There is a paper by A. Saravanakumar, T.M. Haridasan, Thomas B. Reed which I would like to bring to your attention.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>A frequent complaint about gasifiers is that the fuel ahs to be chipped or reduced to mall pieces. This paper explores the gasification of stick wood in a rather interesting manner. It will not be of interest to everyone, but is worth a look and has some solid theory and construction advice.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>It is called Flaming pyrolysis model of the fixed bed cross draft long-stick wood gasifier.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>You can see it (free) for research and discussion purposes at<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4295996%2FFlaming_pyrolysis_model_of_the_fixed_bed_cross_draft_long_stick_wood_gasifier&data=05%7C01%7C%7C5097d47386b746b1ce9208da5acac250%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637922124136666827%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=BaB4F8ZhCVutsmOrfnWmmVGZtQN65E964CE1fIgKZh4%3D&reserved=0"><span style='color:#0563C1'>https://www.academia.edu/4295996/Flaming_pyrolysis_model_of_the_fixed_bed_cross_draft_long_stick_wood_gasifier</span></a><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>Abstract:</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>The future industrial development of biomass energy depends on the application of renewable energy</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>technology in an ef</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>cient manner. Of all the competing technologies under biomass, gasi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>ers are considered</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>to be one of most viable applications. The use of biomass fuel, especially biomass wastes, for distributed</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>power production can be economically viable in many parts of the world through gasi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>cation of biomass.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>Since biomass, is a clean and renewable fuel, gasi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>cation gives the opportunity to convert biomass into clean</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>fuel gas or synthesis gas for industrial uses. The preparation of feedstock for a gasi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>er requires time, energy</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>and labour and this has been a setback for gasi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>er technology development. The present work is focused on</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>gasi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>cation of long-stick wood as a feed material for gasi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>ers. This application makes reduction not only in</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>the cost but also on the power consumption of feed material preparation. A 50 m</span><span style='font-size:5.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>3</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>/h capacity gasi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>er was</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>fabricated in the cross draft mode. The cross draft mode makes it possible to produce low tar content in</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>producer gas. This cross draft mode operates with 180W of blower supply for air to produce 10 kW of</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>thermal output. The initial bed heights of the long-stick wood and charcoal are 58 cm and 48 cm respectively.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>Results were obtained for various<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fl</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>ow conditions with air<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fl</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>ow rates ranging from 20 to 30 m</span><span style='font-size:5.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>3</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>/h. For modelling,</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>the<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fl</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>aming pyrolysis time for long-stick wood in the gasi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>er is calculated to be 1.6 min. The length of the<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fl</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>aming</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>pyrolysis zone and char gasi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>cation zone is found to be 34 cm and 30 cm respectively. The rate of feed was</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>between 9 and 10 kg/h. Continuous operation for 5 h was used for three runs to study the performance. In this</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>study we measured the temperature and pressure in the different zones as a function of air</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fl</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>ow. We measured the</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>gas<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fl</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>ow and ef</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>ciency of the gasi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;color:#231F20'>fi</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>er in order to determine its commercial potential for process and power</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'>industries.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9",serif;color:#231F20'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Regards<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Crispin<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br></span><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0563C1'>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</span></a><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif'><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br></span><a href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Flists.bioenergylists.org%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fstoves_lists.bioenergylists.org&data=05%7C01%7C%7C5097d47386b746b1ce9208da5acac250%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637922124136666827%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=T7erUFVw7b4iw%2FMX5H2iSdhi62bxXHinquEdWzGbLC0%3D&reserved=0"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0563C1'>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</span></a><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif'><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br></span><a href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fstoves.bioenergylists.org%2F&data=05%7C01%7C%7C5097d47386b746b1ce9208da5acac250%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637922124136666827%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=3lQLuQWpOmnqw6hvSFbta3IeAHSyrGtq05Eo6oBlhCc%3D&reserved=0"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0563C1'>http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</span></a><o:p></o:p></p></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></div></div></body></html>