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<div name="BB10" id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%">Dear Ron</div>
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<div name="BB10" id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%">I thought it was a cross draft stove because the primary air enters horizontally and the gases exit horizontally on the other side. </div>
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<div name="BB10" id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%">I see an air channel going to the right and up. I doubt that is an essential part of the combustion. When building a crossdraft stove it is necessary either to blow air down from the
top of the fuel, or to vent gases produced in the fuel hopper. </div>
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<div name="BB10" id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%">I haven't decided if Saravanakumar is trying to make and collect char, of it he is focussed on getting a combustible gas as the main product. He is certainly not trying to cook. </div>
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<div name="BB10" id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%">I found his PhD thesis and his research is focussed on innovative combustion processes. What I found unusual with this paper was the intention to get good quality gas from chopped
branches. </div>
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<div name="BB10" id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%">The 10 KW power rate is not a surprise given the fuel size. It is hard to get a small number of branches to easily easily. Making it bigger will definitely make the result more predictable. </div>
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<div name="BB10" id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%">It is nice to see that Tom Reed was a co-author. It must have been one of his last journal articles. </div>
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<div name="BB10" id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%">Regards </div>
<div name="BB10" id="BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%">Crispin </div>
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<div id="from"><b>From:</b> rongretlarson@comcast.net</div>
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<div>Crispin and list:
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<div class=""> Yes - an interesting paper. New to me, although a few years old.</div>
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<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>One could also describe this as a bottom lit updraft (BLUD) stove - which is usually down played. as desirable. And it has some relationships also to Rockets.- which are similarly bottom
lit</div>
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<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>I doubt of much use to anyone working on family sized cook stoves - with its rating around 10 kWth. Users at that level won’t mind the needed blower. </div>
<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>This apparently does a good job in minimizing time spent tending the fire (as does Kevin;’s and TLUDs).</div>
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<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>What I found most interesting is better understanding the term "cross draft” - which is inherent also in Kevin McLean’s “Sun24”. But not TLUds using chips or pellets or holey briquettes
or ball-shaped fuel.. </div>
<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span> “Cross draft” here meaning horizontal - neither “up”, nor down””. But there is clearly also updraft here along two of the four sides</div>
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<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>The word “cross”. meaning that pyrolysis of the central portion of the long (60+ cm) fuel pieces occurs using hot O2 coming from each end of the gaps between 3 (or 4) round horizontal
cylindrical pieces of tree “trunks” (maybe limbs).</div>
<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>Being close together it seems much easier for the O2 to get to the pyrolysis region with inner inner horizontal air, not inner vertical air.</div>
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<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>This is the situation also in Kevin’s stove. Big difference is that Kevin’s O2 starts moving radially in after flowing (pushed) downward, not being pushed upward.</div>
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<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>I have looked for and never found data on pressure differences at a pyrolysis front. This paper tells me that the pressure is lower at the inside glowing-flaming pyrolysis front. Complicated
also by pyrolysis occurring with flames above and below logs and probably some flame motion inward (or outward.</div>
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<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>So it would seem that then air flow is fairly complicated where the pyrolysis gases are exiting the horizontal tree trunks. Hot gases are exiting, but O2 also has to be entering.</div>
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<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>I don’t see this as helping make for cheaper cooking. Certainly not for making char (although a lot more could be made if desired I presume.)</div>
<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>TDR probably pretty good since there is a blower.</div>
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<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>Anyone able to add to the air flow near the horizontally exiting pyrolysis gases? Both here and in Kevin’s char-making stove?</div>
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<div class="">Ron</div>
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<div class="">On Jun 29, 2022, at 12:46 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" class="">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:</div>
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Dear Friends</div>
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There is a paper by A. Saravanakumar, T.M. Haridasan, Thomas B. Reed which I would like to bring to your attention.</div>
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A frequent complaint about gasifiers is that the fuel ahs to be chipped or reduced to mall pieces. This paper explores the gasification of stick wood in a rather interesting manner. It will not be of interest to everyone, but is worth a look and has some
solid theory and construction advice.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></div>
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It is called Flaming pyrolysis model of the fixed bed cross draft long-stick wood gasifier.</div>
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You can see it (free) for research and discussion purposes at</div>
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<a href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4295996%2FFlaming_pyrolysis_model_of_the_fixed_bed_cross_draft_long_stick_wood_gasifier&data=05%7C01%7C%7C5097d47386b746b1ce9208da5acac250%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637922124136666827%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=BaB4F8ZhCVutsmOrfnWmmVGZtQN65E964CE1fIgKZh4%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://www.academia.edu/4295996/Flaming_pyrolysis_model_of_the_fixed_bed_cross_draft_long_stick_wood_gasifier" shash="GaPcPIejiBVl8kPVBpLm+LlNOF07hOcAsTIqcRRnk61c9/rKVe0t1SbQOcYd3g5gJ5n/m6V8HuFkDDcKtWsO/6Lq9VMmJ7C+Q+QpMGcBsf8/cEV+Iga1MnfE/CfAS945djluYOQB6kdE49gPOi2jmGnDZzm9gR1lK/E9DZstYtg=" class="" style="color:rgb(5,99,193); text-decoration:underline">https://www.academia.edu/4295996/Flaming_pyrolysis_model_of_the_fixed_bed_cross_draft_long_stick_wood_gasifier</a></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">Abstract:</span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">The future industrial development of biomass energy depends on the application of renewable energy</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">technology in an ef</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">cient
manner. Of all the competing technologies under biomass, gasi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">ers are considered</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">to be one of most viable applications. The use of biomass fuel, especially biomass wastes, for distributed</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">power production can be economically viable in many parts of the world through gasi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">cation
of biomass.</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">Since biomass, is a clean and renewable fuel, gasi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">cation
gives the opportunity to convert biomass into clean</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fuel gas or synthesis gas for industrial uses. The preparation of feedstock for a gasi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">er
requires time, energy</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">and labour and this has been a setback for gasi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">er
technology development. The present work is focused on</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">gasi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">cation of
long-stick wood as a feed material for gasi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">ers. This application makes reduction not only in</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">the cost but also on the power consumption of feed material preparation. A 50 m</span><span class="" style="font-size:5pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">3</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">/h
capacity gasi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">er was</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fabricated in the cross draft mode. The cross draft mode makes it possible to produce low tar content in</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">producer gas. This cross draft mode operates with 180W of blower supply for air to produce 10 kW of</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">thermal output. The initial bed heights of the long-stick wood and charcoal are 58 cm and 48 cm respectively.</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">Results were obtained for various<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fl</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">ow
conditions with air<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fl</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">ow rates ranging from 20 to 30 m</span><span class="" style="font-size:5pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">3</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">/h.
For modelling,</span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fl</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">aming
pyrolysis time for long-stick wood in the gasi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">er is calculated to be 1.6 min. The length of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fl</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">aming</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">pyrolysis zone and char gasi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">cation
zone is found to be 34 cm and 30 cm respectively. The rate of feed was</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">between 9 and 10 kg/h. Continuous operation for 5 h was used for three runs to study the performance. In this</span></div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">study we measured the temperature and pressure in the different zones as a function of air</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fl</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">ow.
We measured the</span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">gas<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fl</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">ow
and ef</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">ciency of the gasi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; color:rgb(35,31,32)">fi</span><span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">er
in order to determine its commercial potential for process and power</span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)">industries.</span></div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:7pt; font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9; color:rgb(35,31,32)"> </span></div>
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Regards</div>
<div class="" style="margin:0cm; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Crispin</div>
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