<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Crispin and list:<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""> Yes - an interesting paper. New to me, although a few years old.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>One could also describe this as a bottom lit updraft (BLUD) stove - which is usually down played. as desirable. And it has some relationships also to Rockets.- which are similarly bottom lit</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>I doubt of much use to anyone working on family sized cook stoves - with its rating around 10 kWth. Users at that level won’t mind the needed blower. </div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>This apparently does a good job in minimizing time spent tending the fire (as does Kevin;’s and TLUDs).</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>What I found most interesting is better understanding the term "cross draft” - which is inherent also in Kevin McLean’s “Sun24”. But not TLUds using chips or pellets or holey briquettes or ball-shaped fuel.. </div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span> “Cross draft” here meaning horizontal - neither “up”, nor down””. But there is clearly also updraft here along two of the four sides</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The word “cross”. meaning that pyrolysis of the central portion of the long (60+ cm) fuel pieces occurs using hot O2 coming from each end of the gaps between 3 (or 4) round horizontal cylindrical pieces of tree “trunks” (maybe limbs).</div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Being close together it seems much easier for the O2 to get to the pyrolysis region with inner inner horizontal air, not inner vertical air.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>This is the situation also in Kevin’s stove. Big difference is that Kevin’s O2 starts moving radially in after flowing (pushed) downward, not being pushed upward.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>I have looked for and never found data on pressure differences at a pyrolysis front. This paper tells me that the pressure is lower at the inside glowing-flaming pyrolysis front. Complicated also by pyrolysis occurring with flames above and below logs and probably some flame motion inward (or outward.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>So it would seem that then air flow is fairly complicated where the pyrolysis gases are exiting the horizontal tree trunks. Hot gases are exiting, but O2 also has to be entering.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>I don’t see this as helping make for cheaper cooking. Certainly not for making char (although a lot more could be made if desired I presume.)</div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>TDR probably pretty good since there is a blower.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Anyone able to add to the air flow near the horizontally exiting pyrolysis gases? Both here and in Kevin’s char-making stove?</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Ron</div><div class=""><br class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Jun 29, 2022, at 12:46 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" class="">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><meta charset="UTF-8" class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Dear Friends<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">There is a paper by A. Saravanakumar, T.M. Haridasan, Thomas B. Reed which I would like to bring to your attention.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">A frequent complaint about gasifiers is that the fuel ahs to be chipped or reduced to mall pieces. This paper explores the gasification of stick wood in a rather interesting manner. It will not be of interest to everyone, but is worth a look and has some solid theory and construction advice.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">It is called Flaming pyrolysis model of the fixed bed cross draft long-stick wood gasifier.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">You can see it (free) for research and discussion purposes at<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><a href="https://www.academia.edu/4295996/Flaming_pyrolysis_model_of_the_fixed_bed_cross_draft_long_stick_wood_gasifier" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); text-decoration: underline;" class="">https://www.academia.edu/4295996/Flaming_pyrolysis_model_of_the_fixed_bed_cross_draft_long_stick_wood_gasifier</a><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">Abstract:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">The future industrial development of biomass energy depends on the application of renewable energy<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">technology in an ef</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">cient manner. Of all the competing technologies under biomass, gasi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">ers are considered<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">to be one of most viable applications. The use of biomass fuel, especially biomass wastes, for distributed<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">power production can be economically viable in many parts of the world through gasi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">cation of biomass.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">Since biomass, is a clean and renewable fuel, gasi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">cation gives the opportunity to convert biomass into clean<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fuel gas or synthesis gas for industrial uses. The preparation of feedstock for a gasi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">er requires time, energy<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">and labour and this has been a setback for gasi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">er technology development. The present work is focused on<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">gasi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">cation of long-stick wood as a feed material for gasi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">ers. This application makes reduction not only in<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">the cost but also on the power consumption of feed material preparation. A 50 m</span><span style="font-size: 5pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">3</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">/h capacity gasi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">er was<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fabricated in the cross draft mode. The cross draft mode makes it possible to produce low tar content in<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">producer gas. This cross draft mode operates with 180W of blower supply for air to produce 10 kW of<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">thermal output. The initial bed heights of the long-stick wood and charcoal are 58 cm and 48 cm respectively.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">Results were obtained for various<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fl</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">ow conditions with air<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fl</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">ow rates ranging from 20 to 30 m</span><span style="font-size: 5pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">3</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">/h. For modelling,<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fl</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">aming pyrolysis time for long-stick wood in the gasi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">er is calculated to be 1.6 min. The length of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fl</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">aming<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">pyrolysis zone and char gasi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">cation zone is found to be 34 cm and 30 cm respectively. The rate of feed was<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">between 9 and 10 kg/h. Continuous operation for 5 h was used for three runs to study the performance. In this<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">study we measured the temperature and pressure in the different zones as a function of air</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fl</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">ow. We measured the<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">gas<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fl</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">ow and ef</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">ciency of the gasi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">fi</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">er in order to determine its commercial potential for process and power<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class="">industries.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: AdvTT5235d5a9; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Regards<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Crispin<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; 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