<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">Stoves list:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>1. This is the third and last mail on three quite separate topics. This third topic only related to message number 2 to Joshua (Jed) Guinto who wrote very approvingly about the paper in 2013 and I missed until this week.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>2. I said this about this “Carter paper” in my second note re Josh:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class=""><i class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> '4. Your above paper cites another stove design paper which greatly impressed you (and me and was new to me) - and I don’t believe has been seen much. It does not seem to have been in a peer-reviewed technical journal (but should have been ; this is a first rate stove analysis)</i></div><i class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><a href="http://www.build-a-gasifier.com/PDF/BiocharStovesInnovation2011.pdf" class="">http://www.build-a-gasifier.com/PDF/BiocharStovesInnovation2011.pdf</a>, First author Sarah Carter</i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>My next message will be about that paper (keeping separate to keep the confusion down. Please don’t use this thread to talk about the Carter paper)</i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>5. Appendix 2 from Joshua’s paper says this about the Carter paper: (Repeated to show both Joshua’s thinking (which are all the right things).and a small part of what the Carter paper discussies (in 72 pp).</i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><br class=""></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><b class=""><i class="">ANNEX 2</i></b></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class="">The following are excerpts from the Biochar Stoves: an Innovation Studies Perspective. Sarah Carter and Dr. Simon Shackley, UK Biochar Research Centre (UKBRC), School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh. 8th April 2011.</i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""> More specific feedback about the stoves included the following points: </i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class="">• in some cases, the height of the stoves was inconvenient, e.g. for Indian women who prefer to sit on the ground to cook (the Anila is the tallest of the test stoves);</i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""> • there was no easy way to add more wood into the stoves while the pot is on, since the gap between the pot and the stove restricts the size of wood which it is possible to add in;</i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""> • this ‘batch’ approach compares unfavourably with the ‘continuous’ fuel feed of other conventional and improved stoves since the user does not know precisely how much fuel is required prior to the cooking process and can end up using toolittle or too much fuel, the first introducing inconvenience and time delay and the second ending up waste fuel (and increasing biomass extraction and wasting time in collecting fuel);</i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class="">• gasification stoves require reasonably small and uniform pieces of biomass, hence limit the use of certain feedstocks such as larger sticks, reducing overall fuel use flexibility;</i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""> • the ability to alter the intensity of the flame was limited, so reducing the flexibility that cooks value; </i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class="">• it was difficult to remove the ash / charcoal from the stove without turning the stove over, so a way of emptying the stove could be made (which is achieved in some stove designs by having a trap-door arrangement, [11]);</i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""> • those with large families struggled to cook effectively with large pots on these particular stoves; </i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class="">• the two lids of the Champion TLUD made it more difficult to handle, so these could be joined together; </i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class="">• the EN stove needed a draft and a grate – alternatively, larger holes in the fuel chamber would help to keep the stoves lit. </i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class="">For those that would buy the stoves, the price they suggested they would be willing to pay for the stove ranged from 2.22 USD and 25 USD, with the averages given in Table 7. </i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class="">In summary, while the stoves tested do appear to meet some of the objectives of an improved stove (reduced fuel consumption, reduced smoke production), the users also noted some limitations in their functionality compared to their conventional primary stove. Better flame modulation, fuel flexibility and ease of fuel addition can all make women’s cooking tasks much easier on a daily basis and the ‘improved’ gasification cookstoves turn out not to be as adequate as conventional stoves in these regards.</i></div></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""> </i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-style: italic; white-space: pre;"> </span>3. Not captured in Joshua’s summary is that Ms. Carter and Dr. Shackley covered many types of stoves - including the Rocket, Anila and TLUD. I have seen very little on the Anila, so this paper fills an important gap for me. Any more?</div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><br class=""></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>4. To get the gist of why this paper should be very important to this list, I repeat Joshua’s last line:</div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><br class=""></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><b style="font-size: 14px;" class="">Better flame modulation, fuel flexibility and ease of fuel addition can all make women’s cooking tasks much easier on a daily basis and the ‘improved’ gasification cookstoves turn out not to be as adequate as conventional stoves in these regards.</b></i><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><b class=""><i class="">”</i></b></span></div></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><i class=""><b style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><br class=""></b></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">5. I’m afraid that quite negative observation from more than a decade ago is still true today. There are probably more cooks using 3-stone fires now than when the Carter-Shackley team were doing the surveys that Guinto is reporting. The only partial exception of which I am aware is Kevin McLean’s Sun24 stove. And that is much less than year old. </span></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>And that stove still doesn’t totally address "</span><i class=""><b style="font-size: 14px;" class="">Better flame modulation, fuel flexibility and ease of fuel addition "</b></i></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>6. So this paper will give us a lot of topics to discuss. I am sorry I/we just learned about it. And thanks to Joshua for his awareness a decade ago - and what he has been personally accomplishing since then.</span></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">Ron</span></div></div></div></div></body></html>