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<div dir="ltr">Dear Kevin</div>
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<div dir="ltr">That helps a lot. Ok. You have to show that there is a reduction in emissions when you analyse “the system”. As far as I understand what you described it is that people are - pretty indirectly - cooking with maize stalks instead of…. Wood?<span></span></div>
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<div dir="ltr">Is the charcoal briquette a wood fuel substitute?</div>
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<div dir="ltr">If so you can claim you have reduced net biomass loss by the local fNRB x mass of wood fuel not burned x 0.48 x 44/12 = n</div>
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<div dir="ltr">Because the corn stover is normally a 100% loss any wood saved by the char is creditable as above. </div>
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<div dir="ltr">With some trouble and measurements you should be able to get some additional credit for burning the stover with lower emissions of gases and PM. You have to quantify the emissions for both cases. It is probably worth it. <span></span><span></span></div>
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<div dir="ltr">I hope this helps</div>
<div dir="ltr">Crispin</div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Stoves <stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org> on behalf of K McLean <kmclean56@gmail.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, January 27, 2024 8:32:00 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] ***SPAM*** Re: ***SPAM*** Carbon credits for briquettes that replace charcoal in Africa</font>
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<div class="x_gmail_default" style="font-size:small">Hi Crispin,</div>
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<div class="x_gmail_default" style="font-size:small">I was unclear, I'm sorry. In East Africa we make char using the top down burn of piles of maize stalks. These farmers traditionally burn their maize stalks by lighting the pile on the side. Here is a
<a href="https://youtu.be/YJYDyRkK-Qg" originalsrc="https://youtu.be/YJYDyRkK-Qg" shash="uPPaPcDOUHjr8Ij3D64NDmnQ9tyNnQBPiNuMTb5GtZXpbiKrTwJavU9OXhneRmq6z48ecsLobMGLtbCOnPOpoBdPhc2GXFy5s7vhcP5l2L3rNjHpM3gTtguaIwcxWEc6nXdU6N9l+jET+GLowt6mOGp1bTe7RhjytrlrvKiKpGA=">
video</a> showing the difference between the traditional burn (left pile) and the top down burn of maize stalks (pile on the right). There is obviously a reduction in emissions by lighting the pile on the top. To make char for briquettes, the embers are quenched
with water when the fire starts to go down. I think it is clear that there is a reduction in emissions in making char this way compared to the traditional method of burning maize stalks. </div>
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<div class="x_gmail_default" style="font-size:small">So the question then is the CO2e emitted in making charcoal in an earthen mound. The FAO determined it to be 10 tonnes of CO2e per tonne of charcoal.</div>
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<div class="x_gmail_default" style="font-size:small">Kevin</div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="x_gmail_attr">On Sat, Jan 27, 2024 at 10:16 PM Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:<br>
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<div dir="ltr">Dear Kevin</div>
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<div dir="ltr">That figure represents the emission of CO2 and the gases with a CO2 equivalent. It does not represent a net reduction available. Charcoal is made from biomass which is made almost entirely from CO2 originating in the atmosphere. </div>
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<div dir="ltr">A carbon credit is available for a documentable permanent reduction in emission of one ton of CO2. It the wood is harvested from a sustainable source there is no credit available because everything harvested is going to regrow. If only a fraction
of the harvested biomass grows back (which varies within regions and locales) then a “fraction of non-renewable biomass<span> ” (fNRB) can be calculated from assessment(s). The available credits are 10 tons x fNRB = n.</span><span></span></div>
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<div dir="ltr"><span>If the fNRB value is 5% the answer is 0.5 tons credit per 10 tons of avoided charcoal production. </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr"><span>If you are making briquettes as the alternative, there are two added considerations. One is the energy used to make the briquettes and the other is the efficiency of the substitute fuel. In general charcoal stoves are more efficient than
briquette stoves. The 0.5 ton credit will be factored by methods of Article 6.2 and 6.4 of the Paris Agreement for the lower fuel efficiency of the briquette stove if it is indeed lower. If it is higher, then there is a credit gain. <span></span></span></div>
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<div dir="ltr"><span>Under Article 6 many or maybe all countries had their fNRB values reduced considerably. Under CDM many were pretty arbitrary. And high. Not anymore. </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr">Let’s look at the FAO's number:<span></span></div>
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<div dir="ltr">One dry ton of wood is about 48% carbon, or 480 kg. Traditional charcoal production is ~12%-15% yield these days. It does vary so check because there is a bi<span>g difference between 8% and 20%. At 15% yield the carbon is ~81% of 15% of 1000
kg. That is 121.5 kg of carbon. The difference between that and 480 was emitted: 385.5 carbon emitted as 1314.5 kg CO2. That's a lot less than 10,000 kg. <span></span></span></div>
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<div dir="ltr"><span>They must be counting the PM mass with a large multiplier. I have no idea what numbers they will use for that. Remember they should be using a 100 year calc because it says CO2e. We can't prove how they got to ten tons. </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr"><span>So all said and done that is how credits are generated. </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr"><span>Best regards</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span>Crispin</span></div>
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<div id="x_m_-633120929604140236divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>>
on behalf of K McLean <<a href="mailto:kmclean56@gmail.com" target="_blank">kmclean56@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, January 27, 2024 6:07:04 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Stoves and Biofuels Network <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Stoves] ***SPAM*** Carbon credits for briquettes that replace charcoal in Africa</font>
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<div style="font-size:small">Is anyone getting these?</div>
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<div style="font-size:small"><a href="https://www.fao.org/3/i6934e/i6934e.pdf" originalsrc="https://www.fao.org/3/i6934e/i6934e.pdf" shash="i02CsxAk4eu5IN8DI2BGPwXF81zu5E07a7btEKjMjWIsagHTMdej7WKM1ujIxquo8QuYVTknu/EtvRdtvrLfvPKkqiE4tZnTbOMA9Oa35pidCvkdgX/ljBMwz3ElOThlGk9LkdzB//nH25zWmSLzTzILCsZ9Pl7qUTFOBiug6yM=" target="_blank">FAO</a>
says that 10 tonnes of CO2e are caused by the production of 1 tonne of charcoal in the typical earthen mound kiln common in Africa. If this is correct, one tonne of briquettes should fetch 10 carbon credits.</div>
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<div style="font-size:small">Kevin McLean</div>
<div style="font-size:small">Sun24</div>
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