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<div dir="ltr">Thank you that detail. </div>
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<div dir="ltr">I do understand that it did not involve cooking with stalks, but in effect you are because that is the source of the briquettes. </div>
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<div dir="ltr">It you are replacing wood charcoal you have a much bigger number of credits. </div>
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<div dir="ltr">Assume the crop stover was completely burned as the baseline. </div>
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<div dir="ltr">Assume the production efficiency of the wood charcoal was as previously described. </div>
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<div dir="ltr">Ignoring any difference in gases, you get credit for the 480 kg carbon. That is fNRB x 480 x 44/12 = fNRB x 1760 kg CO2. If the fNRB is 50% it 880 kg reduction - that is per 150 kg stover-derived charcoal. </div>
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<div dir="ltr">If the charcoal consumption is 150 kg per 4 months you could get 0.88 x 3 = 2.64 tons per user per year. Calculate as appropriate. </div>
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<div dir="ltr">Looking at what that might be worth on the voluntary market, the charcoal might generate US$0.25 per kg - that sort of value. The producers<span style="font-size: inherit;"> of the briquettes could get that less overheads plus whatever they
can sell it for. </span></div>
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</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: inherit;">Is that attractive?</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: inherit;"><br>
</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: inherit;">As soon as you have some income buy a better pyrolyser. The system with 7 used oil drums developed by Dr AD Karve in Pune is going to maximize your productivity at very low cost. When stover is not available
(it is a seasonal crop) they can use elephant grass, tiffa (bull rushes) pampas grass, millet stalks, and papyrus etc. </span></div>
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</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: inherit;">I hope this turns into something beneficial. </span></div>
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</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: inherit;">Best regards</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: inherit;">Crispin</span></div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Stoves <stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org> on behalf of K McLean <kmclean56@gmail.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, January 27, 2024 9:24:36 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] ***SPAM*** Re: ***SPAM*** Re: ***SPAM*** Carbon credits for briquettes that replace charcoal in Africa</font>
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<div class="x_gmail_default" style="font-size:small">Dear Crispin,</div>
<div class="x_gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br>
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<div class="x_gmail_default" style="font-size:small">This does not involve cooking with maize stalks. Char out from maize stalks. The char is then made into briquettes. The briquettes are sold to charcoal users to replace charcoal.</div>
<div class="x_gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br>
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<div class="x_gmail_default" style="font-size:small">Kevin</div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="x_gmail_attr">On Sat, Jan 27, 2024 at 11:04 PM Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:<br>
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<blockquote class="x_gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding-left:1ex">
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<div dir="ltr">Dear Kevin</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
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<div dir="ltr">That helps a lot. Ok. You have to show that there is a reduction in emissions when you analyse “the system”. As far as I understand what you described it is that people are - pretty indirectly - cooking with maize stalks instead of…. Wood?<span></span></div>
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<div dir="ltr">Is the charcoal briquette a wood fuel substitute?</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
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<div dir="ltr">If so you can claim you have reduced net biomass loss by the local fNRB x mass of wood fuel not burned x 0.48 x 44/12 = n</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
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<div dir="ltr">Because the corn stover is normally a 100% loss any wood saved by the char is creditable as above. </div>
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<div dir="ltr">With some trouble and measurements you should be able to get some additional credit for burning the stover with lower emissions of gases and PM. You have to quantify the emissions for both cases. It is probably worth it. <span></span><span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
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<div dir="ltr">I hope this helps</div>
<div dir="ltr">Crispin</div>
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<div id="x_m_1162601019225453266divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>>
on behalf of K McLean <<a href="mailto:kmclean56@gmail.com" target="_blank">kmclean56@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, January 27, 2024 8:32:00 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] ***SPAM*** Re: ***SPAM*** Carbon credits for briquettes that replace charcoal in Africa</font>
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<div style="font-size:small">Hi Crispin,</div>
<div style="font-size:small"><br>
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<div style="font-size:small">I was unclear, I'm sorry. In East Africa we make char using the top down burn of piles of maize stalks. These farmers traditionally burn their maize stalks by lighting the pile on the side. Here is a
<a href="https://youtu.be/YJYDyRkK-Qg" originalsrc="https://youtu.be/YJYDyRkK-Qg" shash="u8zvX8kcu90ggaC8h2+8haWuarAF3eq//5o2byJWgJ5wI8nMueJeG6HlVhnmVMcWaA1cRA69MImZeRJ0+Ojw8zSDIc8Mpmm6bBsm0N6Nen3Z8L1a3M9R5Ihviar++/hhPaEs2knqQLOST/QRVgM2T0L6r6VjuBZD9OWirsH+m/4=" target="_blank">
video</a> showing the difference between the traditional burn (left pile) and the top down burn of maize stalks (pile on the right). There is obviously a reduction in emissions by lighting the pile on the top. To make char for briquettes, the embers are quenched
with water when the fire starts to go down. I think it is clear that there is a reduction in emissions in making char this way compared to the traditional method of burning maize stalks. </div>
<div style="font-size:small"><br>
</div>
<div style="font-size:small">So the question then is the CO2e emitted in making charcoal in an earthen mound. The FAO determined it to be 10 tonnes of CO2e per tonne of charcoal.</div>
<div style="font-size:small"><br>
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<div style="font-size:small">Kevin</div>
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<div dir="ltr">On Sat, Jan 27, 2024 at 10:16 PM Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:<br>
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<div dir="ltr">Dear Kevin</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
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<div dir="ltr">That figure represents the emission of CO2 and the gases with a CO2 equivalent. It does not represent a net reduction available. Charcoal is made from biomass which is made almost entirely from CO2 originating in the atmosphere. </div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">A carbon credit is available for a documentable permanent reduction in emission of one ton of CO2. It the wood is harvested from a sustainable source there is no credit available because everything harvested is going to regrow. If only a fraction
of the harvested biomass grows back (which varies within regions and locales) then a “fraction of non-renewable biomass<span> ” (fNRB) can be calculated from assessment(s). The available credits are 10 tons x fNRB = n.</span><span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span><br>
</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span>If the fNRB value is 5% the answer is 0.5 tons credit per 10 tons of avoided charcoal production. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span><br>
</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span>If you are making briquettes as the alternative, there are two added considerations. One is the energy used to make the briquettes and the other is the efficiency of the substitute fuel. In general charcoal stoves are more efficient than
briquette stoves. The 0.5 ton credit will be factored by methods of Article 6.2 and 6.4 of the Paris Agreement for the lower fuel efficiency of the briquette stove if it is indeed lower. If it is higher, then there is a credit gain. <span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span><br>
</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span>Under Article 6 many or maybe all countries had their fNRB values reduced considerably. Under CDM many were pretty arbitrary. And high. Not anymore. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span><br>
</span></div>
<div dir="ltr">Let’s look at the FAO's number:<span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">One dry ton of wood is about 48% carbon, or 480 kg. Traditional charcoal production is ~12%-15% yield these days. It does vary so check because there is a bi<span>g difference between 8% and 20%. At 15% yield the carbon is ~81% of 15% of 1000
kg. That is 121.5 kg of carbon. The difference between that and 480 was emitted: 385.5 carbon emitted as 1314.5 kg CO2. That's a lot less than 10,000 kg. <span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span><br>
</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span>They must be counting the PM mass with a large multiplier. I have no idea what numbers they will use for that. Remember they should be using a 100 year calc because it says CO2e. We can't prove how they got to ten tons. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span><br>
</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span>So all said and done that is how credits are generated. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span><br>
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<div dir="ltr"><span>Best regards</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span>Crispin</span></div>
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<div id="x_m_1162601019225453266x_m_-633120929604140236ms-outlook-mobile-signature">
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<div id="x_m_1162601019225453266x_m_-633120929604140236divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>>
on behalf of K McLean <<a href="mailto:kmclean56@gmail.com" target="_blank">kmclean56@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, January 27, 2024 6:07:04 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Stoves and Biofuels Network <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Stoves] ***SPAM*** Carbon credits for briquettes that replace charcoal in Africa</font>
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</div>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="font-size:small">Is anyone getting these?</div>
<div style="font-size:small"><br>
</div>
<div style="font-size:small"><a href="https://www.fao.org/3/i6934e/i6934e.pdf" originalsrc="https://www.fao.org/3/i6934e/i6934e.pdf" shash="vFfnJjZ+0qyMp3TYI3lvv+/f1hnWZBmPvBnniseWgdi+/PaTuFIIwrlmRxf0aXorkY9fj6A6/JcfVGjDKxJuaUeWizkCnCAq6BZX4jJnC4rkcfq3ybDedRFqG3pZGwHr1suDcXtk7mq/pWHr151XnaAt6QMfM3L4z/D/zSKFxdg=" target="_blank">FAO</a>
says that 10 tonnes of CO2e are caused by the production of 1 tonne of charcoal in the typical earthen mound kiln common in Africa. If this is correct, one tonne of briquettes should fetch 10 carbon credits.</div>
<div style="font-size:small"><br>
</div>
<div style="font-size:small">Kevin McLean</div>
<div style="font-size:small">Sun24</div>
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