<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><div style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div>Crispin and stoves list</div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>1. I’’ve been following stoves and biochar for more than 25 years. I’m sure I’ve read at least 1000 biochar articles. Never have I seen anything in print that resembles your sentence from 2/3 down (that I also highlighted there). My added emphasis.</div><blockquote type="cite"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; font-family: Helvetica-Bold;"><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><i><b> "Char created on the land and buried in it </b><u style="font-size: 17.666668px;"><b>depletes the soil carbon</b></u><b> because it goes from a soluble form to an insoluble form"</b></i></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>2. Please give any citation that caused you to assert what the biochar world believes to be untrue and violates the reason for biochar growing more rapidly than any other CDR approach. </div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>3. Or give your rationale, if you have no citation, given that insolubility is considered a principal virtue in the biochar community</div><div><br></div><div>Ron</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On Jan 30, 2024, at 3:17 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <crispinpigott@outlook.com> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div><meta charset="UTF-8"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica-Bold; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span>Dear Teddy<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span>Charcoal movement (distribution) has been banned since 2017 and it may in fact be illegal to make it, I am not sure, but in the beginning it was movement that was traceable and banned.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span><a href="https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/lifestyle/2023-11-03-why-kenya-cannot-do-away-with-charcoal/" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/lifestyle/2023-11-03-why-kenya-cannot-do-away-with-charcoal/</a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span>It is important to understand why national bans on a popular fuel are important. When it is illegal to make or move charcoal, the charcoal mafia benefits, often including elected or influential officials and enforcement actors. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span>In a Sahelian country charcoal was illegal. It was unbanned and the forests were placed under the control of the villages whose land it was. The illegal traders were immediately put out of business unless they paid for the resource they were stealing, and the management of the supply of trees immediately benefitted the community as a payment had to be made to the village. This continued with great and well managed success. The villages conserved and sold their resources and the “overheads” disappeared. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span>After 4 years the President declared the whole business illegal again (through protesting salvationists?) and the illegal trade resumed. It transpired that the head of the charcoal mafia, all along, was the president’s wife.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Charcoal is big, big business. Removing carbon from the land and burning it 100 km away depletes the soil. <b><u> Char created on the land and buried in it depletes the soil carbon because it goes from a soluble form to an insoluble form</u></b>. Should the composted stover be ploughed into the land for next year’s crop? We have to hear from botanists.<o:p></o:p></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span>As trees are cleared for farming, it dries the air and rainfall decreases. That has been known for over a century, but it will of course be blamed on global warming. Afforestation in Kenya was proposed in the 1930’s by Dr St Barbe Baker, famed for his Men of the Trees organization. And he attempted it in the NW using peach trees. Kenya could use afforestation and reforestation as well as sustainable supply management. People are going to continue to cook with charcoal for decades or centuries in Africa. We should arrange our affairs that it is possible and profitable. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span>BTW charcoal making is one of the few activities in Africa that generates cash income for rural farmers. Banning it effectively means banning them as viable farmers.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Cookswell Jikos<br><b>Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Tuesday, January 30, 2024 7:10 AM<br><br></span></div><div style="font-weight: 400;"><div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Here is an interesting idea to utilize highly invasive woody plants to make biochar you might like Kevin,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UI1uN1EFhUI&ab_channel=PlantVillageTV" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UI1uN1EFhUI&ab_channel=PlantVillageTV</a> <o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Wonders never cease to amaze in the woodfuel industry in Kenya, I went to a salt factory a few months ago and they said they use 30 tons of almost wet (!!) wood per day sourced by clearing land for pineapple farmers to force dry the salt (co-fired with TZ coal) and almost every other large industry that uses steam in Kenya seems to be switching to biomass boilers these days that are mostly using agri-waste (alot of which is grown on farms that were once forested not so long ago). Agroforestry is growing in popularity but not as fast as trees are being felled <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2023/11/deforestation-continues-in-kenyas-largest-water-capturing-forest-satellites-show" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">https://news.mongabay.com/2023/11/deforestation-continues-in-kenyas-largest-water-capturing-forest-satellites-show</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and meanwhile watch out for your maize stalks, they might be next ;) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/enterprise/eldoret-family-turns-maize-cobs-into-jet-fuel-addictive-3700610" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/enterprise/eldoret-family-turns-maize-cobs-into-jet-fuel-addictive-3700610</a> <o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">I sure hope that this new industrial demand for biomass and unplanned agricultural expansion doesn't wipe out any forest saving gains all the various cookstove projects have had in Kenya over the years. Speaking of, might anyone know how many donor funded 'cookstove projects' have there been in Kenya in the last 40 years? <o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br>Teddy <o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></div></div></div></div></div><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica-Bold; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;">_______________________________________________</span><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica-Bold; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; 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