[Digestion] Digestion Digest, Vol 2, Issue 46
Srinivas Kasulla
srinivaskasulla at gmail.com
Tue Oct 26 02:53:04 CDT 2010
Dear All,
Can anyone/or Dr Karve, please guide the list how the gas from wardha plant
or AARTHI's biogas plants is measured?
its really getting confused because earlier it was 540 cubic meter and now
its 400 cubic meter?
The gas generation can be cross checked with the gas measurement systems?
regards
srinivas kasulla
On Tue, Oct 26, 2010 at 8:55 AM, <digestion-request at lists.bioenergylists.org
> wrote:
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> Today's Topics:
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> 1. Re: Digestion Digest, Vol 2, Issue 40 (Markus Schlattmann)
> 2. Re: gasyield indigenious cowdung (Amy and Jim Rankin)
> 3. Re: gasyield indigenious cowdung (Anand Karve)
> 4. Re: [work] Re: Digestion Digest, Vol 2, Issue 40 (David)
> 5. Re: [work] Re: Digestion Digest, Vol 2, Issue 40 (Anand Karve)
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Mon, 25 Oct 2010 22:28:47 +0200
> From: Markus Schlattmann <firmen at schlattmann.de>
> To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestion Digest, Vol 2, Issue 40
> Message-ID: <4CC5E87F.5090702 at schlattmann.de>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; Format="flowed"
>
> Hi,
>
> I still don't believe in those 540 m? from 1000 kg dung. Since we only
> just know it "fresh dung", let's try to get a backwards look at it:
>
> Let's say we have 540 m? biogas (dry gas, 0?C, 1013 mbar like literature
> values in german tables, if we want to compare this to values given in
> those tables).
>
> Let's say we have 60% methane, 40% carbon dioxide (here it doesn't
> matter anyway: it's not relevant if a C is in CH4 or in CO2)
>
> So in those 540m? would be 24,1 kmole C.
> This corresponds to a mass of about 289 kg.
> Considering a C-Content of 43% TS this would lead to a 673 kg fresh matter.
> Much to dry for anaerobic digestion.
> And this estimation is already done considering ALL of the C from the
> substrate (even including all lignin) would be in the biogas. (In own
> investigations ~30% of dung material is degradable)
>
> Please correct me, if you find an error.
>
> In comparison in literature tables (e.g. FNR(2004)) is given:
> cattle liquid manure, TS 8-11%, VS 75-82 %TS, gas yield: 20-30m? per t
> fresh matter, 200-500m? per t VS, 60% CH4
> cattle (dry) manure, TS ~25%, VS 68-67 %TS, gas yield: 40-50m? per t
> fresh matter, 210-300m? per t VS, 60% CH4
> this seems reasonable.
>
> Also the values given by Klaus Peter Hankel in his post today fit into
> those values:
>
> indian bovine manure: 18% DS, 83% vDS, 300 l biogas/kgvDS, 60% CH4
>
> Since those 540m? come from a batch digestion, I believe that there's a
> higher gas yield per VS than in semi-continuous digestion, since there
> is a long period with no addition od fresh, easily degradable matter. So
> bacteria have the decision: "starve" or "eat lignin" :).
> I also made this experience in own investigations of higher degredation
> of fibers, but I don't think this effect is that big, even if the
> digestion process is performed over 180 days (see estimation of C above).
>
> If you should come across the original presentation again, please let me
> know. I would be interested in the original values and the return of
> investment calculations.
>
> And coming back to P. Hankel's values (lets assume 1000 kg fresh matter):
> 1000 kg fresh matter
> 180 kg dry matter
> 77,4 kg C (assuming my value of 43%TS as given above)
> 149,4 kg volatile solids
> with 300 l/kg VS leading to a total gas of 44,8 m? (in the range of
> literature values given above)
> 44,8 m? Biogas corresponds to 24 kg C in the gas
> 24 kg in the gas is about 31% of C in the substrate (so this would
> confirm my above value of about 30% degradation of dung material)
> So these values make a perfect sense to me.
>
>
> Best regards
> Markus Schlattmann
>
>
> Am 25.10.2010 16:42, schrieb Anand Karve:
> > Dear Markus,
> > it was the weight of fresh dung. Apparently, the system that I saw in
> > Wardha was new to me, but not new in India. There already exists a
> > commercial firm, which constructs similar systems. A colleague of mine
> > showed me a recorded presentation of theirs. The presentation contains
> > photographs of the system, tables showing return on investment, and
> > data of biogas production. Their claims match those made by Centre of
> > Science for Villages in Wardha. Dung contains enough carbon, but it is
> > mainly in the form of lignin. Unless one assumes that somehow the
> > lignin in the dung gets converted into biogas, one cannot explain the
> > high biogas yield.
> > Yours
> > A.D.Karve
> >
> > On Mon, Oct 25, 2010 at 4:57 PM, Markus Schlattmann
> > <firmen at schlattmann.de <mailto:firmen at schlattmann.de>> wrote:
> >
> > Hi,
> >
> > when you compare the yields based on fresh mass, are you sure
> > you're talking about the same "dung"?
> >
> > Here in Central Europe cattle often are kept in stables leading to
> > liquid (~8%TS) manure.
> > In India perhaps "dung" is "dried dung"?
> > Generally, for comapring gas yields of substrates it's better to
> > compare gas yields based on VS, not fresh matter, since water
> > content may vary a lot.
> >
> > I can't think that there's a production of 18 times more biogas if
> > we are talking about comparable dung. You may calculate/estimate a
> > C-Balance. If there's one loading, you can't get more C in CH4/CO2
> > out of the system than you have put into it with the
> > substrate/inoculum in the beginning.
> >
> > Markus Schlattmann
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > Am 24.10.2010 11:31, schrieb Anand Karve:
> >> Dear Mr. Bapat,
> >> the biogas plant in Wardha, which accepts 1000 kg cattle dung as
> >> a one-time load and produces daily 3 cubic meter biogas
> >> continuously over a period of 180 days, was an absolutely novel
> >> system to me. In fact that is why I reported it, because I felt
> >> that somebody in the AD discussion group maight know more about
> >> it. Since neither the British scientists nor any of the Indian
> >> scientists present there could give a scientific explanation to
> >> this phenomenon, I have ventured a plausible explanation. The
> >> Archaea are a very ancient group of organisms. Lignin is produced
> >> by green plants, which evolved much later. Therefore the
> >> methanogens cannot digest lignin. The fact that in Wardha, this
> >> particular biogas plant was producing almost 18 times as much
> >> biogas as would be expected, can be explained by the assumption
> >> that lignin was being digested by some other organisms and the
> >> products of the lignin digesting organisms were being made
> >> available to the mehanogens. But the speculation that some
> >> species of organisms conduct extra-cellular digestion of
> >> cellulose or lignin, and make the products of such digestion
> >> available to the methanogens, is not acceptable to me, because if
> >> such were really the case, one would have used such organisms to
> >> produce sugars from lignocellulosic material and then obtained
> >> alcohol from these sugars. Since nobody has succeeded in doing
> >> this, I feel that the organisms that digest cellulose or lignin
> >> consume the sugars themselves and multiply their own numbers, and
> >> that the methanogens consume these microbes to produce methane. I
> >> am ready to accept any other explanation, if it is logical.
> >> Yours
> >> A.D.Karve
> >>
> >> On Sun, Oct 24, 2010 at 4:37 PM, Sumedh Bapat
> >> <sumedh.bapat at gmail.com <mailto:sumedh.bapat at gmail.com>> wrote:
> >>
> >> Dear Dr. Karve,
> >> I am sorry to comment on this again but I cannot overlook the
> >> discrepancy in the information you have provided here..
> >> */ on October 17 you said : /*
> >> "In any case, once it is accepted that the methanogenic
> >> organisms do not digest the dung directly and that they need
> >> the help of other organisms to digest it, one cannot accept
> >> that dung is the food of the methanogens. It is like saying
> >> that manure applied to a field is human food, because through
> >> a number of biological processes it ultimately ends up into
> >> products, which the humans eat."
> >> */on October 24 you said : /*
> >> "According to text book knowledge, 1000 kg dung should have
> >> produced about 30,000 litres (or 30 cubic meters) biogas. But
> >> this particular biogas plant produces 540 cubic meters of it."
> >>
> >> I also happen to notice that both the subjects refer to cow
> >> dung. Now it can be seen that you claim that some other plant
> >> is generating 540 times more gas than your plants.
> >> Do you mean that this 540 m3 gas that you saw, is produced by
> >> Methanogens which have consumed other similar organisms from
> >> the biogas plant , which in turn had "eaten" the Cpw Dung ?
> >> Can you please explain the sudden Biogas Generation manifold
> >> increase from 30 m3 (conventionally known) to 540 m3 ?
> >> /Again/ _ Can you please provide a basis for such a finding ?
> >> Kind Regards,
> >> Sumedh Bapat
> >>
> >> On Sun, Oct 24, 2010 at 12:30 AM,
> >> <digestion-request at lists.bioenergylists.org
> >> <mailto:digestion-request at lists.bioenergylists.org>> wrote:
> >>
> >> Send Digestion mailing list submissions to
> >> digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org
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> >>
> >> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
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> >>
> >> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
> >> digestion-request at lists.bioenergylists.org
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> >>
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> >>
> >> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is
> >> more specific
> >> than "Re: Contents of Digestion digest..."
> >>
> >>
> >> Today's Topics:
> >>
> >> 1. Re: Attachment to previous Article - More scientific
> >> based
> >> research and questions (Anand Karve)
> >>
> >>
> >>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> >>
> >> Message: 1
> >> Date: Sun, 24 Oct 2010 02:43:13 +0800
> >> From: Anand Karve <adkarve at gmail.com
> >> <mailto:adkarve at gmail.com>>
> >> To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
> >> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org
> >> <mailto:digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>>
> >> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Attachment to previous Article -
> >> More
> >> scientific based research and questions
> >> Message-ID:
> >> <AANLkTi=qxog1xd-4Q9JOwVaNpL8S=Bgpc2n=JxY7R5a=@
> mail.gmail.com
> >> <http://mail.gmail.com/>>
> >> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
> >>
> >> Dear Dr. Martin,
> >> I have just returned from a city called Wardha, where I
> >> attended a workshop
> >> arranged jointly by the Research Councils of UK and the
> >> Department of
> >> Science and Technology, Government of India. About 20
> >> scientists each from
> >> UK and India were invited to this meeting.
> >> In the course of field visits organised during the
> >> workshop, Dr. Soham
> >> Pandya, The Director of Centre of Science for Villages,
> >> an NGO in Wardha,
> >> showed us an amazing biogas plant on his campus. This
> >> biogas plant accepts
> >> about 1000 kg cattle dung as a one-time load and produces
> >> daily about 3
> >> cubic meters of biogas, continuously over a period of
> >> about 180 days. This
> >> is not the only biogas plant constructed by him. Using
> >> funds from the
> >> Department of Science and Technology, He has constructed
> >> a similar biogas
> >> plant in another place called Hingoli, where a one-time
> >> load of 1000 kg
> >> dung yields biogas continuously for 6 months, to run an
> >> electricity
> >> generator for daily 3 to 4 hours, to provide electric
> >> lighting to all the
> >> houses in the village. Officials of the Department of
> >> Science and
> >> Technology vouched for the veracity of these claims.
> >> According to text book
> >> knowledge, 1000 kg dung should have produced about 30,000
> >> litres (or 30
> >> cubic meters) biogas. But this particular biogas plant
> >> produces 540 cubic
> >> meters of it.
> >> Neither Dr. Pandya nor any other scientist could give a
> >> scientific explanation to this phenomenally high yield of
> >> biogas. Dung of
> >> Indian cattle consists mainly of lignin (from the veins
> >> and midribs of the
> >> grass and leaves that they feed on) and micro-organisms.
> >> One has to assume
> >> in this case, that there are microbes in the dung that
> >> feed on the lignin
> >> and that the methanogens digested the lignin eating
> microbes.
> >> Yours
> >> A.D.Karve
> >>
> >> On Mon, Oct 18, 2010 at 3:53 PM, Duncan Martin
> >> <duncanjmartin at gmail.com
> >> <mailto:duncanjmartin at gmail.com>>wrote:
> >>
> >> > Perhaps Dr Karve & I should agree to disagree?
> >> >
> >> > To argue that dung is not food for the methanogens
> >> because they need help
> >> > to digest it is really a semantic quibble. It misses
> >> the point I was
> >> > responding to - that the digestion process is not
> >> *completed *by the act
> >> > of defaecation, it is merely *terminated* for the owner
> >> of the gut in
> >> > question.
> >> >
> >> > I have never seen any serious literature suggesting
> >> that microbes are
> >> > altruistic. However, the principles of commensalism are
> >> well established and
> >> > I see no basis for dismissing them. Moreover, the
> >> complex web of metabolic
> >> > interactions in AD has been extensively researched and
> >> is pretty well
> >> > understood - though I am sure there is more to discover.
> >> >
> >> > Nor have I seen any literature whatsoever suggesting
> >> that the methanogens
> >> > consume other microorganisms. I would be intrigued to
> >> see a proposed
> >> > mechanism.
> >> >
> >> > To dismiss all the textbooks as wrong (see previous
> >> postings) is unhelpful,
> >> > at best. Who could only say that unless he had read
> >> every one of them? Of
> >> > course, there are mistakes - even in the best books -
> >> if only because
> >> > science moves on, so any book becomes outdated. And
> >> there are indeed some
> >> > layman's guides to AD that include some odd ideas - but
> >> who would take them
> >> > as serious guides to the science?
> >> >
> >> > When we find such errors, let us use this forum to
> >> report them - giving
> >> > exact references. But lets not confuse newcomers to the
> >> field by dismissing
> >> > every other source of information as rubbish.
> >> >
> >> > Finally, let us accept that each of us is entitled to
> >> his opinion - but
> >> > lets reserve this forum for the fruits of practical
> >> experience and
> >> > evidence-based information.
> >> >
> >> > I suggest we draw a line under the present debate.
> >> >
> >> > Duncan Martin, PhD, MCIWM, MIChemE, MIEI
> >> > Cloughjordan Ecovillage
> >> > Ireland
> >> >
> >> > On 17 October 2010 16:39, Anand Karve
> >> <adkarve at gmail.com <mailto:adkarve at gmail.com>> wrote:
> >> >
> >> >> Dear Duncan,
> >> >> I dont believe in the theory of a chain of
> >> micro-organisms, with one
> >> >> species converting the cellulose into glucose, another
> >> converting the
> >> >> glucose into an organic acid (e.g. citric acid), still
> >> another converting
> >> >> the organic acid into acetic acid and ultimately the
> >> acetic acid being
> >> >> converted by the methanogenic organisms into carbon
> >> dioxide and methane. If
> >> >> this were true, one would have by now isolated the
> >> organism that converted
> >> >> cellulose into glucose and used the glucose to produce
> >> alcohol. Cellulose is
> >> >> the most ubiquitously found organic compount in the
> >> world and with this
> >> >> simple process, one would have produced unlimited
> >> quantity of liquid fuel.
> >> >> But even today, the conversion of cellulose into
> >> glucose is achieved in any
> >> >> industrial process by using a cellulolytic enzyme
> >> extracted from a
> >> >> cellulolytic organism. The reason for this is, that
> >> the glucose converted by
> >> >> the organism from cellulose is consumed by the same
> >> organism. And once it is
> >> >> consumed by an organism, it is converted into its cell
> >> all the way down to
> >> >> carbon dioxide. The micro-organisms in the gut of an
> >> animal cannot be
> >> >> expected to be so altruistic as to predigest the food
> >> and suply it to the
> >> >> methanogens. I feel that the methanogenic organisms
> >> consume the fellow
> >> >> micro-organisms in the gut of animals and digest them
> >> to produce methane and
> >> >> carbon dioxide. Such dog-eat-dog reactions occur also
> >> in the soil supplied
> >> >> with organic matter.
> >> >> In any case, once it is accepted that the
> >> methanogenic organisms
> >> >> do not digest the dung directly and that they need the
> >> help of other
> >> >> organisms to digest it, one cannot accept that dung is
> >> the food of the
> >> >> methanogens. It is like saying that manure applied to
> >> a field is human food,
> >> >> because through a number of biological processes it
> >> ultimately ends up into
> >> >> products, which the humans eat.
> >> >> Yours
> >> >> A.D.Karve
> >> >> On Fri, Oct 15, 2010 at 4:27 PM, Duncan Martin
> >> <duncanjmartin at gmail.com <mailto:duncanjmartin at gmail.com>
> >> >> > wrote:
> >> >>
> >> >>>
> >> >>> Yes, the gut methanogens do, in a sense, eat what the
> >> animal eats.
> >> >>> However, it would be more accurate to say that their
> >> diet is derived from
> >> >>> what the animal eats. The methanogens in the gut of a
> >> cow are surrounded by
> >> >>> celluose and other biopolymers but they cannot digest
> >> them. They live on the
> >> >>> waste products of other microbial processes. The web
> >> of metabolic
> >> >>> interactions is well known.
> >> >>>
> >> >>> Where I would "hoot out" Dr Karve is his belief that
> >> dung cannot serve as
> >> >>> food for the methanogens because they are "thrown
> >> out" of the body along
> >> >>> with the dung. I don't understand the logic here.
> >> >>>
> >> >>>
> >> >>>
> >> >> _______________________________________________
> >> >> Digestion mailing list
> >> >>
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> >> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
> >> >>
> >> >> for more information about digestion, see
> >> >> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> >> >> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> >> >> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
> >> >>
> >> >>
> >> >>
> >> >
> >> > _______________________________________________
> >> > Digestion mailing list
> >> >
> >> > to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
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> >> page
> >> >
> >> >
> >>
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
> >> >
> >> > for more information about digestion, see
> >> > Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> >> > http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> >> > and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
> >> >
> >> >
> >> >
> >>
> >>
> >> --
> >> ***
> >> Dr. A.D. Karve
> >> President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)
> >>
> >> *Please change my email address in your records to:
> >> adkarve at gmail.com <mailto:adkarve at gmail.com> *
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> >>
> >> ------------------------------
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Digestion mailing list
> >>
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> >>
> >> for more information about digestion, see
> >> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> >> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> >> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> End of Digestion Digest, Vol 2, Issue 40
> >> ****************************************
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Digestion mailing list
> >>
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> >>
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
> >>
> >> for more information about digestion, see
> >> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> >> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> >> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> --
> >> ***
> >> Dr. A.D. Karve
> >> President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)
> >>
> >> *Please change my email address in your records to:
> >> adkarve at gmail.com <mailto:adkarve at gmail.com> *
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Digestion mailing list
> >>
> >> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
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> >>
> >> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
> >>
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
> >>
> >> for more information about digestion, see
> >> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> >> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> >> and the Biogas Wikihttp://biogas.wikispaces.com/
> >>
> >
> >
> > --
> >
> > Mit freundlichen Gr??en,
> > Markus Schlattmann
> >
> > --------------------------------------
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> > for more information about digestion, see
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> > http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> > and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > --
> > ***
> > Dr. A.D. Karve
> > President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)
> >
> > *Please change my email address in your records to: adkarve at gmail.com
> > <mailto:adkarve at gmail.com> *
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
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> >
> > to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
> >
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
> >
> > for more information about digestion, see
> > Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> > http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> > and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
> >
>
>
> --
>
> Mit freundlichen Gr??en,
> Markus Schlattmann
>
> --------------------------------------
> schlattmann sustainables
> schlattmann.de
>
> Dipl.-Ing. agr. Markus Schlattmann
> Gr?nseiboldsdorfer Weg 5
> 85416 Langenbach
>
> Tel.: +49 (0)8761 72162-60
> Fax.: +49 (0)8761 72162-61
>
> E-Mail: firmen at schlattmann de
> Web:www.schlattmann.de
> -------------------------------------
>
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> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 2
> Date: Mon, 25 Oct 2010 15:32:05 -0500
> From: "Amy and Jim Rankin" <ajrankin at hughes.net>
> To: "For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion"
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] gasyield indigenious cowdung
> Message-ID: <8E3EDE97467C41C79E09B32310B756C6 at RankinPC>
> Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1";
> reply-type=original
>
>
> >
> > 540 M3 from 1000 Kg of cow dung ?
> > Is it possible that there is an error in measurement ? OR an
> enthusiastic
> > overstatement by the gentleman ?
> > ( If cow dung or the flora present in /alongwith it had so much of energy
> > value ,,,, it would create so many possibilities )
>
> While I have nothing to compare that value to, I assume that this is a
> "batch" process digester, has a very long retention time and very likely
> has
> only a small amount of water included to maximise the digestable content of
> the system. It is unlikely that the gas yield can be compared to
> continuously fed - flow through digesters (which usually have higher water
> content requirements and become economically prohibitive to build for
> comparable retention times). In other words, completely the opposite of
> the
> sugar/highly digestable substrate type digester Dr Karve deals with and
> very
> different from most other digesters as well.
>
> Our experience with a highly and rapidly digestable substrate, cheese
> whey,
> shows the expected tendency to rapicly acidify and pickle the digester if
> the loading rate is increased rapidly. The best solution at hand seems to
> be reinnoculation with cattle manure slurry at regular intervals as well as
> maintenance of a minimal feed rate in the off season as much as possible to
> avoid starting from zero when the cheese plant opens up full capacity in
> the
> winter time. The rate of operation in the off season is not strictly
> profitable, but is being tried this year for several reasons including
> maintenance of the digester function.
>
> We have some experience using cheese whey as fertilizer and have never seen
> any great benefit to the grass it was applied to beyond the small
> protein/Nitrogen content. Perhaps the level of salt ( NaCl ) included has
> some inhibitory effect on the soil microbes and prevent their rapid growth
> or perhaps the compaction caused by the trucks applying the whey was a
> problem. In some instances the grass was burned by the application of the
> whey and took some time to recover, so any or all of these could be
> confusing factors that prevent seeing the result of the lactose sugar
> applied.
>
> Jim
>
> James R Rankin, DVM
> Cedarcrest Farms, Inc
> Faunsdale, Alabama USA
>
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 3
> Date: Tue, 26 Oct 2010 08:36:54 +0800
> From: Anand Karve <adkarve at gmail.com>
> To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] gasyield indigenious cowdung
> Message-ID:
> <AANLkTinA91pO+5_vrjk6G0y06HdXedd7QROY86S05MRb at mail.gmail.com<AANLkTinA91pO%2B5_vrjk6G0y06HdXedd7QROY86S05MRb at mail.gmail.com>
> >
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>
> Dear Mr. Hankel,
> I had already reported that there was a firm in India, which constructed
> biogas plants of this type. The figures calculated from the data presented
> by the firm showed that it took 2.5 kg dung to generate 1 cubic meter of
> biogas. Based on this calculation, one would get about 400 cubic meters of
> biogas from 1000 kg dung . This is also an unbelievably high value. The
> firm
> recommends emptying and refilling the digester once every 4 to 5 months and
> not 6 months.
> I think that the dung used in the biogas plant in Centre of Science for
> Villages in Wardha could have been stored outside over a certain period of
> time, so that it lost some moisture. Secondly, when the dung is collected
> from the stall, it also contains a certain quantity of straw and fodder
> residues. I don't think that it was accurately weighed before filling it
> into the biogas plant. The 1000 kg weight of dung reported to us was an
> approximation, based on the size of the digester tank.
> Yours
> A.D.Karve
>
> On Mon, Oct 25, 2010 at 11:21 PM, klauspeter Hankel <kapehankel at gmx.de
> >wrote:
>
> > I suggest, please calculate based on ...
> > indian bovine manure: 18% DS, 83% vDS, 300 l biogas/kgvDS, 60% CH4
> >
> > and better check the DS and also sometimes the vDS (because of sand and
> > soil, if you buy by weight)
> >
> > warm regards / mit herzlichen Gruessen
> >
> > Klaus Peter Hankel
> >
> >
> > Message: 1
> > Date: Mon, 25 Oct 2010 19:04:35 +0530
> > From: Awadhoot Bapat <abjobapat at gmail.com>
> > To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
> > <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> > Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestion Digest, Vol 2, Issue 40
> > Message-ID:
> > <AANLkTi=SQL-3McMa7rnywmCxqLFtubX=geJ8fMaiU09C at mail.gmail.com>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
> >
> > Dear All ,
> >
> > 540 M3 from 1000 Kg of cow dung ?
> > Is it possible that there is an error in measurement ? OR an
> enthusiastic
> > overstatement by the gentleman ?
> > ( If cow dung or the flora present in /alongwith it had so much of energy
> > value ,,,, it would create so many possibilities )
> >
> > Regards,
> > Avadhut Bapat
> >
> >
> >
> > On Mon, Oct 25, 2010 at 2:27 PM, Markus Schlattmann
> > <firmen at schlattmann.de>wrote:
> >
> > > Hi,
> > >
> > > when you compare the yields based on fresh mass, are you sure you're
> > > talking about the same "dung"?
> > >
> > > Here in Central Europe cattle often are kept in stables leading to
> liquid
> > > (~8%TS) manure.
> > > In India perhaps "dung" is "dried dung"?
> > > Generally, for comapring gas yields of substrates it's better to
> compare
> > > gas yields based on VS, not fresh matter, since water content may vary
> a
> > > lot.
> > >
> > > I can't think that there's a production of 18 times more biogas if we
> are
> > > talking about comparable dung. You may calculate/estimate a C-Balance.
> If
> > > there's one loading, you can't get more C in CH4/CO2 out of the system
> > than
> > > you have put into it with the substrate/inoculum in the beginning.
> > >
> > > Markus Schlattmann
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Digestion mailing list
> >
> > to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
> > Digestion at bioenergylists.org
> >
> > to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
> >
> >
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
> >
> > for more information about digestion, see
> > Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> > http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> > and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
> >
> >
>
>
> --
> ***
> Dr. A.D. Karve
> President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)
>
> *Please change my email address in your records to: adkarve at gmail.com *
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> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 4
> Date: Mon, 25 Oct 2010 18:55:46 -0700
> From: David <david at h4c.org>
> To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] [work] Re: Digestion Digest, Vol 2, Issue 40
> Message-ID: <4CC63522.20008 at h4c.org>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; Format="flowed"
>
>
> Friends,
>
>
> On 10/25/2010 1:28 PM, Markus Schlattmann wrote:
> > I still don't believe in those 540 m? from 1000 kg dung....
>
> A sensible analysis. Maybe the key to the conundrum is the statement:
>
> > ...the biogas plant in Wardha... accepts 1000 kg cattle dung as a
> > one-time load and produces daily 3 cubic meter biogas continuously
> > over a period of 180 days...
>
> It is well known that batch digestion does not produce the same amount
> of biogas every day. Obviously it takes some time for the ecology of
> the digester to get established (during which time, of course, gas
> production is low), and it is surely something approaching a law of
> biology that the more digestible components of the substrate will be
> used up first, and then some of the more recalcitrant materials will--
> eventually-- be digested. The succession of these stages offers a
> well-known curve, which is either bell-shaped, if it plots daily
> production, or a long S (ogee) curve if we are plotting cumulative
> production.
>
> In sum, I have no doubt that biogas is produced, and that for a period
> of time production is good. Thus I would accept that the reported
> plants produce well for a time, but not that they produce the same
> amount every day, continuously for six months. But surely the
> statement as quoted has to do with genuine enthusiasm, and should not
> be taken as a rigorous mathematical description.
>
>
> While my search turned up a number of references to the organization
> in Wardha in connection with biogas, none provided any reference to
> these batch digesters, unless they are very large clay pots, as one
> reference mentions. It would be salutary to have some literature on
> the subject, if any has been produced.
>
>
>
> --
> David William House
> "The Complete Biogas Handbook" |www.completebiogas.com|
> /Vahid Biogas/, an alternative energy consultancy |www.vahidbiogas.com
>
> |
> "Make no search for water. But find thirst,
> And water from the very ground will burst."
> (Rumi, a Persian mystic poet, quoted in /Delight of Hearts/, p. 77)
>
> http://bahai.us/
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 5
> Date: Tue, 26 Oct 2010 11:25:32 +0800
> From: Anand Karve <adkarve at gmail.com>
> To: david at h4c.org, For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] [work] Re: Digestion Digest, Vol 2, Issue 40
> Message-ID:
> <AANLkTimeuv8sS2uHtyWpL3PgOCcOpdFjpG61b8JaCZDs at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>
> Dear All,
> Dr. Soham Pandya, the Director of Centre of Science for Villages, told us
> that the biogas generating system being demonstrated at his Institute was
> meant for using the dung of a single cow. One accumulates the dung for 6
> months, and then loads all of it at once into the biogas digester, as a
> one-time feedstock. An Indian cow would produce daily about 6 kg dung.
> Therefore, accumulation of 180 days' produce explains the1000 kg that goes
> into the digester all at once. The biogas emanating from the digester is
> stored by him in a moving drum type gas holder, which floats on water. He
> has made this arrangement firstly to be able to deliver the gas to an
> electricity generator under a constant pressure, and secondly to know how
> much gas is produced daily.
> My own explanation of this phenomenon is as follows: I assume that some of
> the micro-organisms in the alimentary canal of herbivorous animals have the
> capacity to digest lignin. I also assume that normally their number is
> quite
> low, but in a system, in which only lignin is left after a certain period
> of
> time, the lignin decomposing organisms are the only ones that can survive
> and multiply. Therefore, from this point onwards, it is the lignin that
> keeps the biogas production going. The lignin digesting organisms must be
> rather slow in digesting lignin, because it takes them about 4 to 5 months
> to digest the lignin left in the system.
> Yours
> A.D.Karve
>
> On Tue, Oct 26, 2010 at 9:55 AM, David <david at h4c.org> wrote:
>
> >
> > Friends,
> >
> >
> > On 10/25/2010 1:28 PM, Markus Schlattmann wrote:
> >
> > I still don't believe in those 540 m? from 1000 kg dung....
> >
> >
> > A sensible analysis. Maybe the key to the conundrum is the statement:
> >
> > ...the biogas plant in Wardha... accepts 1000 kg cattle dung as a
> one-time
> > load and produces daily 3 cubic meter biogas continuously over a period
> of
> > 180 days...
> >
> >
> > It is well known that batch digestion does not produce the same amount of
> > biogas every day. Obviously it takes some time for the ecology of the
> > digester to get established (during which time, of course, gas production
> is
> > low), and it is surely something approaching a law of biology that the
> more
> > digestible components of the substrate will be used up first, and then
> some
> > of the more recalcitrant materials will-- eventually-- be digested. The
> > succession of these stages offers a well-known curve, which is either
> > bell-shaped, if it plots daily production, or a long S (ogee) curve if we
> > are plotting cumulative production.
> >
> > In sum, I have no doubt that biogas is produced, and that for a period of
> > time production is good. Thus I would accept that the reported plants
> > produce well for a time, but not that they produce the same amount every
> > day, continuously for six months. But surely the statement as quoted has
> to
> > do with genuine enthusiasm, and should not be taken as a rigorous
> > mathematical description.
> >
> >
> > While my search turned up a number of references to the organization in
> > Wardha in connection with biogas, none provided any reference to these
> batch
> > digesters, unless they are very large clay pots, as one reference
> mentions.
> > It would be salutary to have some literature on the subject, if any has
> been
> > produced.
> >
> >
> >
> > --
> > David William House
> > "The Complete Biogas Handbook" www.completebiogas.com
> > *Vahid Biogas*, an alternative energy consultancy www.vahidbiogas.com
> >
> > "Make no search for water. But find thirst,
> > And water from the very ground will burst."
> > (Rumi, a Persian mystic poet, quoted in *Delight of Hearts*, p. 77)
> >
> > http://bahai.us/
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Digestion mailing list
> >
> > to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
> > Digestion at bioenergylists.org
> >
> > to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
> >
> >
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
> >
> > for more information about digestion, see
> > Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> > http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> > and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> --
> ***
> Dr. A.D. Karve
> President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)
>
> *Please change my email address in your records to: adkarve at gmail.com *
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> ------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> Digestion mailing list
>
> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
> Digestion at bioenergylists.org
>
> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
>
> for more information about digestion, see
> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
>
>
>
> End of Digestion Digest, Vol 2, Issue 46
> ****************************************
>
--
SRINIVAS KASULLA
09004689601
09869179601
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