[Digestion] Digestion Digest, Vol 10, Issue 24
Alexander Eaton
alex at sistemabiobolsa.com
Thu Jun 30 12:05:40 CDT 2011
Randy Gecko's question was the *cost* of commercializing the fertilizer.
This is more of a concrete number (or series of numbers depending on
scale). *Value* is a much harder calculation, at least for us in Mexico.
In some areas, the value of this fertilizer has taken on the value of the
tradition chemical fertilizers it is displacing (with a slight discount).
In other areas where demand for organics is growing fast, the value is even
higher. In areas where the fertilizer has not been proven (or where people
evaluate it on pure NPK) the value is lower, or non-existent. Therefore, I
think it would be useful to talk about costs of techniques for
commercialization, while at the same time talking about the independent
process of creating value of the product through outreach, research, and
general promotion.
Regarding costs and process, we have been filtering the digestate with a
simple screen, and then giving it a short residence time in barrels where it
tends to stratify. We take the substrate off the top for foliar feeding and
adding to irrigation water, and the sludge is applied to the land directly.
This has a very small cost of time for each farmer, but as usual, we are
dealing with a much smaller scale them most here on this list (read: small
farm digesters).
This year is very important harvest year for us as we will be reporting the
results of a number of test plots that isolated different fertilizer types
and techniques, essentially competing head-to-head with common fertilizers
in the region. This has been paired with a long-term series of laboratory
tests isolating the components of the fertilizer. Our initial results have
shown that a single digester will put out very consistent fertilizer quality
and type as long as the inputs stay similar (although they absorb a decent
amount of variation). However, between digeters in the same region with the
same feedstock, there can be a huge amount of variation. This means that
our efforts to begin creating a fertilizer market for the digestate require
some sort of field testing to qualify it and "certify" it. That may not
have to happen very frequently for a single digester, but it should cover
nearly all of the digesters for a given program (unless you can show
regional similarities we apparently do not have).
Proving and demonstrating the value of the fertilizer has been determined by
us to be the NUMBER ONE most important aspect for the biogas program (not
actually the biogas!), and as mentioned here will be an important factor for
pushing AD technology in general. Through the Latin American Biodigester
Group we have started a working group whose aim is to conduct unified
multi-country research on the quality and use of the "biol" as a
fertilizer. I would be very interested in seeing who else from this group
may want to contribute or participate in this process. We would ultimately
like a field guide for the testing, decision making and use of the biol that
can be widely utilized.
I look forward to any comments or motivations, or, if anyone has something
like that already, please share!
Cheers
A
On Thu, Jun 30, 2011 at 4:58 AM, Christine McKiernan <cmckiernan93 at gmail.com
> wrote:
> Digestate as Fertilizer
>
> Per Gordon Gecko's comments (aka Randy Mott) what are the potential values
> of the separated factions of treated digestate? If this treatment is done
> on a large scale how are each of the 3 factions removed 'easily'? Just
> wondering about implementation.
> Thanks,
> Christine McKiernan
>
> On Wed, Jun 29, 2011 at 3:00 PM, <
> digestion-request at lists.bioenergylists.org> wrote:
>
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>> Today's Topics:
>>
>> 1. FW: The Department of public works South Africa (Paul Harris)
>> 2. Re: Flares, Check Valves, Insulation Blankets (Paul Harris)
>> 3. Re: Fwd: The biology of biogas production (Paul Harris)
>> 4. FW: Ceram Kote (Paul Harris)
>> 5. Re: Digestate as fertilizer. (Peter Allison)
>> 6. Re: Environmentalists Anti-AD Issues (Alan Muller)
>> 7. Re: Digestate as fertilizer. (Randy Mott)
>> 8. Re: Environmentalists Anti-AD Issues (Randy Mott)
>> 9. Re: Fwd: The biology of biogas production (Anand Karve)
>> 10. Re: Digestate as fertilizer. (Douglas Renk)
>> 11. Re: Fwd: The biology of biogas production (Murali Krishna)
>>
>>
>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 1
>> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 08:56:20 +0930
>> From: "Paul Harris" <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'"
>> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>> Subject: [Digestion] FW: The Department of public works South Africa
>> Message-ID: <002801cc35ea$ca200fe0$5e602fa0$@harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>>
>> G'day All,
>>
>>
>>
>> The message below may be of interest to some listers - apologies to those
>> not interested and for cross posting.
>>
>>
>>
>> Happy Digesting,
>>
>> HOOROO
>>
>>
>>
>> Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences,
>> The
>> University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Ph :
>> +61
>> 8 8303 7880 Fax : +61 8 8303 4386 mailto:
>> paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au
>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris
>>
>>
>>
>> CRICOS Provider Number 00123M
>>
>> This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains
>> information that may be confidential and/or copyright. If you are not the
>> intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and immediately
>> delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by anyone
>> other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No
>> representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of
>> viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the
>> recipient.
>>
>>
>>
>> From: Kennedy Gumbi [mailto:kenjs722 at gmail.com]
>> Sent: Wednesday, 29 June 2011 12:30 AM
>> To: Paul.harris
>> Subject: The Department of public works South Africa
>>
>>
>>
>> The Department of public works South Africa
>>
>> EOI NO: SADC/LIMP/DPWSA/008/001
>>
>> EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
>>
>> Attn: The President/CEO
>>
>> Notice Inviting Tender
>>
>> The Department of public works in conjunction with the Southern African
>> Development Community (SADC) is embarking on a multi-million rand project
>> for the development of south African sub communities
>>
>> The project is in line with the Department of public works mandate of
>> pioneering development in all sub communities of South Africa
>>
>> We require the following:
>>
>> Tenders are invited from bonafied experienced international contractors
>> of
>> sound financial standing and reputation and fulfilling the
>> pre-qualification
>> requirements for the following:
>>
>> I: Supply of dredgers
>>
>> II: Supply of hospital equipments
>>
>> III: Construction of 950 hundred units of houses in Extension 9, 10 and 11
>> South Gauteng Province.
>>
>> IV: Technical Knowhow: Tenderers or consortia that have at least minimum
>> of
>> four years experience in biofuel and biodiesel production, ability to use
>> co-generation facilities to provide electricity to the National Grid.
>>
>> Interested companies or contractors should consider the following:
>>
>> Ability for company executives to travel at short notice to South Africa
>> for
>> briefings and consultation should need arise.
>>
>> EOI duration is a period of two weeks from receipt of this notice.
>>
>> Tenderers or consortia that have the capacity for this kind of project
>> should kindly respond immediately, after which further relevant Documents
>> will be dispatched for filling and submission by tenderer.
>> A compulsory briefing will be held in South Africa between the Executives
>> of
>> Department of public works South Africa and Executives of the finally
>> short
>> listed company NB:PLEASE REPLY THROUGH THIS EMAIL ADDRESS kenjs at bk.ru
>>
>> Thank you,
>>
>> Kennedy Gumbi
>>
>> -------------- next part --------------
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>>
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 2
>> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 10:59:41 +0930
>> From: "Paul Harris" <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'"
>> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Flares, Check Valves, Insulation Blankets
>> Message-ID: <00d101cc35fc$053371b0$0f9a5510$@harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>>
>> G'day Steven,
>>
>> For a small system I suggest a "water trap" is the best check valve, as it
>> also acts as a flame trap and a condensate collection point. For a couple
>> of
>> ideas go to http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/safety/ where you can view
>> sketches of Flametrap1 and Flametrap2.
>>
>> Happy Digesting,
>> HOOROO
>>
>> Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences,
>> The?
>> University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Ph??? :
>> +61
>> 8 8303 7880????? Fax?? : +61?8?8303?4386
>> mailto:paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au??
>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris
>>
>> CRICOS Provider Number 00123M
>> This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains
>> information that may be confidential and/or copyright.? If you are not the
>> intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and immediately
>> delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by anyone
>> other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No
>> representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of
>> viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the
>> recipient.
>>
>>
>>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org
>> [mailto:digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of Steven
>> Bolgiano
>> Sent: Wednesday, 22 June 2011 7:07 AM
>> To: digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org
>> Subject: [Digestion] Flares, Check Valves, Insulation Blankets
>>
>> Hi Group,
>> I thought I'd put a group of trivia questions, in one email.
>>
>> Gas Flare - In terms of a small digester, can anyone describe or point
>> to plans for self-assembling a gas flare?
>> I assume it would be a type of pressure valve with an activation for a
>> battery operated igniter, so that if the gas collection bag became too
>> full it would relieve pressure by burning off excess?
>> And any comments or advice on flares in general, or how it might apply
>> to a bladder tank style containment would be great.
>>
>> Check Valves - I assume a gas check valve would go between the gas
>> containment and the generator engine, also between a utility like the
>> above mentioned flare, .... where else in a small digester system
>> should a check valve be located. I know with the solar water heating
>> for tanks, we just completed ... in terms of a water valve, a "swing
>> check valve" was required because our solar water heating is a closed
>> loop with next to nothing in pressure to open a spring loaded valve.
>> What are the various kinds of check valves for gas, and what is best for
>> a small system?
>>
>> Insulation Blankets - I know quite a few list members are from outside
>> the U.S. so they may not be able to help, but I'm looking for a UV
>> resistant insulation blanket, black on top and reflective on bottom to
>> cover bladder tanks in winter. These tanks actually have a low profile
>> "greenhouse" shell over them, so the ambient greenhouse temps can be as
>> high as 65C. The blanket would need to be 5 x 9 meters.
>> Any suggestions for sources to buy?
>>
>> Thanks!
>> Steven
>>
>> --
>> Steven Bolgiano
>> Executive Director
>> Planet Foundation Ltd.
>> steven at planetfound.com
>> 443.235.1344
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Digestion mailing list
>>
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>> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
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>> sts.org
>>
>> for more information about digestion, see
>> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 3
>> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 12:14:39 +0930
>> From: "Paul Harris" <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'"
>> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Fwd: The biology of biogas production
>> Message-ID: <00fb01cc3606$7e81c800$7b855800$@harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-2"
>>
>> G'day A.D. Karve et al,
>>
>>
>>
>> This post from a while back prompted an interesting thought - if you are
>> right we may be able to acclimate a digester to using just CO2 as the
>> carbon
>> source, so we could convert CO2 back to methane and solve both CO2
>> emissions
>> and "peak oil".
>>
>>
>>
>> The quality ratio of CH4 to CO2 does vary a bit, sometimes being less than
>> 50% methane and sometimes claims of over 90% methane, but David Fulford
>> has
>> shown that sugar and starch give 50% methane so any improvement is due to
>> some methanogens using CO2 produced earlier in the sequence and H+ from
>> water and acids to make CH4 and H2O.
>>
>>
>>
>> Happy digesting,
>>
>> HOOROO
>>
>>
>>
>> Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences,
>> The
>> University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Ph :
>> +61
>> 8 8303 7880 Fax : +61 8 8303 4386
>> <mailto:paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au> mailto:paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au
>> <http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris>
>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris
>>
>>
>>
>> CRICOS Provider Number 00123M
>>
>> This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains
>> information that may be confidential and/or copyright. If you are not the
>> intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and immediately
>> delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by anyone
>> other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No
>> representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of
>> viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the
>> recipient.
>>
>>
>>
>> From: digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org
>> [mailto:digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of Anand
>> Karve
>> Sent: Thursday, 2 June 2011 12:50 PM
>> To: digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org
>> Subject: [Digestion] Fwd: The biology of biogas production
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>> From: Anand Karve <adkarve at gmail.com>
>> Date: 2011/6/2
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] The biology of biogas production
>> To: Gasan Osojnik <gasan.osojnik at gmail.com>
>>
>>
>>
>> Dear List,
>>
>> Irrespective of the substrate, design of the system or the temperature of
>> the reaction, the proportion of methane to carbon dioxide in the biogas
>> seems to be constant all over the world. Is there an equilibrium between
>> these two gases that keeps this proportion constant? Because in that case,
>> one might introduce carbon dioxide from outside into the biogas plant and
>> see if the organisms in the digester produce more methane to reach the
>> euilibrium constant. I shall be grateful to get your reaction on this.
>>
>> Yours
>>
>> A.D.Karve
>>
>> 2011/3/22 Gasan Osojnik <gasan.osojnik at gmail.com>
>>
>> Hi Mohamed,
>>
>> The general (though I am sure there will be other interpretations)
>> mechanism
>> of biogas formation is 4-step and involves:
>> 1. Hydrolysis (degradation of polymers)
>> 2. Acidogenesis (the formation of volatile fatty acids - low molecular
>> carboxylic acids)
>> 3. Acetogenesis (the formation of acetate, CO2 and H2)
>> 4. Methanogenesis (from acetete -> CO2 and CH4 is formed, from CO2 and H2
>> ->
>> CH4 is formed, methanogenesis from acetate and CO2+H2 has to run
>> simultaneously for the proces to be stable)
>>
>> The last step is the reason why there will be always some CO2 in biogas.
>> Each of this steps is carried out by different groups of microorganisms.
>>
>> So the initial biochemical sources of biogas are carbohydrates, proteins,
>> fats etc. In the long run, any substance that can be converted
>> intermediately either to dissolved CO2 and H2 or to acetate is appropriate
>> for biogas production.
>>
>> BR from Slovenia, Gasan
>>
>>
>>
>> Ilja Gasan OSOJNIK ?RNIVEC, L05 - Laboratory for Environmental Sciences
>> and
>> Engineering
>>
>>
>>
>> KI+letokemije.jpg
>>
>>
>>
>> National Institute of Chemistry
>>
>> Hajdrihova 19
>>
>> SI-1001 Ljubljana
>>
>>
>>
>> Tel.: (01) 47 60 239
>>
>> (01) 47 60 200
>>
>> Fax: (01) 47 60 300
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
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>>
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 4
>> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 13:11:01 +0930
>> From: "Paul Harris" <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'"
>> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>> Subject: [Digestion] FW: Ceram Kote
>> Message-ID: <010701cc360e$5e32a080$1a97e180$@harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>>
>> G?day All,
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Please let me know (by private e-mail, rather than clogging the
>> listserver!)
>>
>> if you find the items I am forwarding helpful (or annoying), as I don?t
>> know
>>
>> how widely they get distributed.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Happy digesting,
>>
>>
>>
>> HOOROO
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences,
>> The
>>
>> University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064
>>
>> Ph : +61 8 8303 7880 Fax : +61 8 8303 4386
>>
>> <mailto:paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>>
>> <http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> CRICOS Provider Number 00123M
>>
>>
>>
>> This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains
>>
>> information that may be confidential and/or copyright. If you are not the
>>
>> intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and immediately
>>
>> delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by anyone
>>
>> other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No
>>
>> representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of
>>
>> viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the
>>
>> recipient.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> From: SWU [mailto:swu at ceram-kote.de]
>>
>> Sent: Tuesday, 21 June 2011 7:04 PM
>>
>> To: swu at ceram-kote.de
>>
>> Subject: Ceram Kote: International patented coating system against
>>
>> SRB-induced bio corrosion!
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> NEWSLETTER s MAY 2011
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Dear customers and interested persons,
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> due to our international patented coating products against SRB-induced bio
>>
>> corrosion, we would like to explain the complex mechanism of anaerobe bio
>>
>> corrosion in details.
>>
>>
>>
>> Our discription should help you to understand how SRB-bacteria operate and
>>
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>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Please find attached
>>
>>
>>
>> * our interesting Newsletter May 2011 with the detailed
>> explanation of
>>
>> SRB-induced bio corrosion and the effect of our patented coating systems
>>
>>
>>
>> * our new Product-Matrix-Table (PMT) "Bio corrosion" with
>> displays
>>
>> clearly properties and resistances of our special product series
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> You can get more information about our coating products and successful
>>
>> reference-projects on our website www.ceram-kote.de
>>
>> <http://www.ceram-kote.de/>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> We would appreciate to give you technical advice and answer all your
>>
>> questions.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Mit freundlichen Gr??en/
>>
>>
>>
>> Best regards
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Stephanie W?nsch
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Ceram Kote International GmbH
>>
>>
>>
>> Daimlerring 9
>>
>>
>>
>> D-32289 R?dinghausen
>>
>>
>>
>> Phone: +49 (0) 5223 - 96276 23
>>
>>
>>
>> Fax: +49 (0) 5223 - 96276 17
>>
>>
>>
>> email: swu at ceram-kote.de
>>
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>>
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 5
>> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 12:30:35 +1000
>> From: "Peter Allison" <pm.allison at bigpond.com>
>> To: "digestion" <digestion at bioenergylists.org>
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestate as fertilizer.
>> Message-ID: <87E98810AD06450E845B36321D9EBE6C at dellc10k9ci56b>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>>
>> Hi All,
>> With regard to utilizing digestate as a crop fertilizer, it is often
>> stated the slurry is spread on fields with the inherent problem of
>> biological toxicity and crusting of surface applications.
>> I believe this process is an incomplete and basically a cheap and nasty
>> means of disposing a potentially valuable resource.
>> The addition of a 1.5% potassium hydroxide solution of to the spent
>> digestate enables a disassociation of the solid fraction from the colloidal
>> material. When the un-reacted and fibrous remains are filtered from the
>> treated mix and the resultant fluid is allowed to settle, colloidal
>> concentrate or fulvic acid will be found in the top fraction, humic acid in
>> the lower portion and carbon rich nutrient at the bottom.
>> The increased pH also enables a stabilization of biological activity
>> within the fluids until dilution with water.
>> These fractions are the most valuable components of the AD process. The
>> bio-gas is a bonus.
>> The fulvic acid is a supreme foliar fertilizer, the humic acid is best
>> suited to soil applications and the carbon mud is an excellent binder for a
>> wide range of solid crop fertilizer inclusions such as rock-dust, blood and
>> bone, etc, before pelletizing for broadcast operations.
>> We are desperately looking for sustainable solutions to chemical based
>> crop fertilizers. Most agriculturalists are aware of the folly of NPK
>> reliance.
>> AD, like the composting of organic waste materials provides all of the
>> nutritional requirements for every form of plant-life.
>> Recycling of crop nutrients via AD has the ability to negate the
>> detrimental effects of chemical agriculture, repair degraded soils, help
>> resolve salinity problems, increase nutritional food values of crops,
>> increase soil moisture holding capacity and put an end to the contamination
>> of precious waterways.
>> Simply dumping spent digestate on fields is a lazy and mindless means for
>> disposal.
>> Don't waste waste.
>> Regards,
>> Peter.
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>>
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 6
>> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 00:38:31 -0500
>> From: Alan Muller <amuller at dca.net>
>> To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
>> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>, For Discussion of
>> Anaerobic
>> Digestion <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Environmentalists Anti-AD Issues
>> Message-ID: <20110629053833.9230D178684 at smtp-relay.dca.net>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed
>>
>> Well, on the original point, what I've seen in Minnesota is some
>> enviro types cheerleading for AD in a rather uninformed way, as if
>> this is their latest enthusiasm in a long line including corn
>> ethanol, "biomass" burning, etc. Others, of course, are concerned
>> that proposed projects wouldn't be good neighbors.
>>
>> The interest is sometimes connected to improved organics management,
>> but more usually to the--typically insignificant--electricity or
>> "biogas" production. Rarely are people thinking much about the fate
>> of the digestate. The investors and "economic development" types are
>> mostly interested in harvesting some of the various incentives
>> associated with "renewable energy." They, and the politicians, are
>> confused by the plethora of folk peddling magic bullet solutions to
>> energy and materials management problems. It matters not,
>> apparently, that almost all of these ignore basic principles of
>> chemistry and thermodynamics we all supposedly learnt in high school.
>>
>> Overall, an amusing but not very productive scene.....
>>
>> am
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 7
>> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 08:05:04 +0200
>> From: "Randy Mott" <randymott at ceeres.eu>
>> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'"
>> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestate as fertilizer.
>> Message-ID: <002201cc3622$7d76fe00$7864fa00$@ceeres.eu>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>>
>> Okay. My nickname is the Gordon Gecko of biogas: cost per ton? Value of
>> separate constituents per ton?
>>
>>
>>
>> Randy Mott
>>
>> CEERES
>>
>>
>>
>> From: digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org
>> [mailto:digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of Peter
>> Allison
>> Sent: Wednesday, June 29, 2011 4:31 AM
>> To: digestion
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestate as fertilizer.
>>
>>
>>
>> Hi All,
>>
>> With regard to utilizing digestate as a crop fertilizer, it is often
>> stated
>> the slurry is spread on fields with the inherent problem of biological
>> toxicity and crusting of surface applications.
>>
>> I believe this process is an incomplete and basically a cheap and nasty
>> means of disposing a potentially valuable resource.
>>
>> The addition of a 1.5% potassium hydroxide solution of to the spent
>> digestate enables a disassociation of the solid fraction from the
>> colloidal
>> material. When the un-reacted and fibrous remains are filtered from the
>> treated mix and the resultant fluid is allowed to settle, colloidal
>> concentrate or fulvic acid will be found in the top fraction, humic acid
>> in
>> the lower portion and carbon rich nutrient at the bottom.
>>
>> The increased pH also enables a stabilization of biological activity
>> within
>> the fluids until dilution with water.
>>
>> These fractions are the most valuable components of the AD process. The
>> bio-gas is a bonus.
>>
>> The fulvic acid is a supreme foliar fertilizer, the humic acid is best
>> suited to soil applications and the carbon mud is an excellent binder for
>> a
>> wide range of solid crop fertilizer inclusions such as rock-dust, blood
>> and
>> bone, etc, before pelletizing for broadcast operations.
>>
>> We are desperately looking for sustainable solutions to chemical based
>> crop
>> fertilizers. Most agriculturalists are aware of the folly of NPK reliance.
>>
>> AD, like the composting of organic waste materials provides all of the
>> nutritional requirements for every form of plant-life.
>>
>> Recycling of crop nutrients via AD has the ability to negate the
>> detrimental
>> effects of chemical agriculture, repair degraded soils, help resolve
>> salinity problems, increase nutritional food values of crops, increase
>> soil
>> moisture holding capacity and put an end to the contamination of precious
>> waterways.
>>
>> Simply dumping spent digestate on fields is a lazy and mindless means for
>> disposal.
>>
>> Don't waste waste.
>>
>> Regards,
>>
>> Peter.
>>
>> -------------- next part --------------
>> An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
>> URL: <
>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20110629/c76339a7/attachment-0001.html
>> >
>>
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 8
>> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 09:26:02 +0200
>> From: "Randy Mott" <randymott at ceeres.eu>
>> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'"
>> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Environmentalists Anti-AD Issues
>> Message-ID: <003201cc362d$ccf3cde0$66db69a0$@ceeres.eu>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>>
>> The introduction to our odor White Paper:
>>
>> " Every major environmental organization has endorsed biogas as the
>> most
>> environmentally friendly method of addressing management of organic waste.
>> These conclusions by professional environmental advocates completely
>> contradict the uninformed views of local residents overly concerned over
>> this issue. Environmental groups widely support biogas as the preferred
>> method of dealing with biodegradable wastes." Instead of sending it to
>> landfill, anaerobic digestion allows us to convert this waste into biogas,
>> making it part of the solution." Greenpeace:
>> http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/blog
>> /climate/the-weekly-geek-anaerobic-digestion-20080220 . Greenpeace calls
>> for
>> "biodegradable household and food industry waste" to be taken to a "local
>> biogas plant . urban centres." Greenpeace brochure on biogas in the UK,
>> page
>> 12: http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/MultimediaFiles/Live/FullReport/7154.pdf
>> . Friends of the Earth has specifically endorsed construction of
>> biodegradation facilities in Poland for organic wastes since 2008.
>> http://bankwatch.org/documents/letter_ DGRegio_08_05_08.pdf. Note: all of
>> these groups are talking about biogas for waste management, not farm
>> biogas,
>> which is an important distinction, explained below.
>>
>> " The question is obvious: what do these professional environmental
>> groups know about biogas than local Polish residents do not seem to know?
>> Obviously there is an information gap. We will provide the answer in our
>> description of the technology successfully developed in Denmark over the
>> last thirty years."
>>
>>
>> It gets better, but this is to get their attention.
>>
>> Randy Mott
>> CEERES
>>
>>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org
>> [mailto:digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of Alan
>> Muller
>> Sent: Wednesday, June 29, 2011 7:39 AM
>> To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion; For Discussion of Anaerobic
>> Digestion
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Environmentalists Anti-AD Issues
>>
>> Well, on the original point, what I've seen in Minnesota is some enviro
>> types cheerleading for AD in a rather uninformed way, as if this is their
>> latest enthusiasm in a long line including corn ethanol, "biomass"
>> burning,
>> etc. Others, of course, are concerned that proposed projects wouldn't be
>> good neighbors.
>>
>> The interest is sometimes connected to improved organics management, but
>> more usually to the--typically insignificant--electricity or "biogas"
>> production. Rarely are people thinking much about the fate of the
>> digestate. The investors and "economic development" types are mostly
>> interested in harvesting some of the various incentives associated with
>> "renewable energy." They, and the politicians, are confused by the
>> plethora
>> of folk peddling magic bullet solutions to energy and materials management
>> problems. It matters not, apparently, that almost all of these ignore
>> basic
>> principles of chemistry and thermodynamics we all supposedly learnt in
>> high
>> school.
>>
>> Overall, an amusing but not very productive scene.....
>>
>> am
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Digestion mailing list
>>
>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
>> Digestion at bioenergylists.org
>>
>> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>>
>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergyli
>> sts.org
>>
>> for more information about digestion, see Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 9
>> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 22:23:27 +0800
>> From: Anand Karve <adkarve at gmail.com>
>> To: paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au, For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
>> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Fwd: The biology of biogas production
>> Message-ID: <BANLkTi=iCPU9n=ULeu9W-5JM6+MNCXWAMQ at mail.gmail.com>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-2"
>>
>> Dear Paul,
>> The text book opinion is that methanogens are helped by a large number of
>> other bacteria in the process of methanogenesis. Some time ago I had posed
>> a
>> question to Gasan that if there are so many different organisms involved
>> in
>> this process, why we did not get a lot more carbon dioxide in our biogas
>> than the 40% that everybody reports. He wrote that the organisms that
>> associated themselves with the methanogens used the carbon dioxide as the
>> source of carbon. Gasan may elaborate this point.
>> Yours
>> A.D.Karve
>>
>>
>> 2011/6/29 Paul Harris <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>>
>> > G'day A.D. Karve et al,****
>> >
>> > ** **
>> >
>> > This post from a while back prompted an interesting thought - if you are
>> > right we may be able to acclimate a digester to using just CO2 as the
>> carbon
>> > source, so we could convert CO2 back to methane and solve both CO2
>> emissions
>> > and "peak oil".****
>> >
>> > ** **
>> >
>> > The quality ratio of CH4 to CO2 does vary a bit, sometimes being less
>> than
>> > 50% methane and sometimes claims of over 90% methane, but David Fulford
>> has
>> > shown that sugar and starch give 50% methane so any improvement is due
>> to
>> > some methanogens using CO2 produced earlier in the sequence and H+ from
>> > water and acids to make CH4 and H2O.****
>> >
>> > ** **
>> >
>> > Happy digesting,****
>> >
>> > HOOROO****
>> >
>> > ** **
>> >
>> > Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences,
>> > The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Ph
>> > : +61 8 8303 7880 Fax : +61 8 8303 4386
>> > mailto:paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>> > http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris****
>> >
>> > ** **
>> >
>> > CRICOS Provider Number 00123M****
>> >
>> > This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains
>> > information that may be confidential and/or copyright. If you are not
>> the
>> > intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and
>> immediately
>> > delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by
>> anyone
>> > other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No
>> > representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of
>> > viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the
>> > recipient.****
>> >
>> > ** **
>> >
>> > *From:* digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:
>> > digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] *On Behalf Of *Anand Karve
>> > *Sent:* Thursday, 2 June 2011 12:50 PM
>> > *To:* digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org
>> > *Subject:* [Digestion] Fwd: The biology of biogas production****
>> >
>> > ** **
>> >
>> > ** **
>> >
>> > ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>> > From: *Anand Karve* <adkarve at gmail.com>
>> > Date: 2011/6/2
>> > Subject: Re: [Digestion] The biology of biogas production
>> > To: Gasan Osojnik <gasan.osojnik at gmail.com>
>> >
>> > ****
>> >
>> > Dear List,****
>> >
>> > Irrespective of the substrate, design of the system or the temperature
>> of
>> > the reaction, the proportion of methane to carbon dioxide in the
>> > biogas seems to be constant all over the world. Is there an
>> > equilibrium between these two gases that keeps this proportion constant?
>> > Because in that case, one might introduce carbon dioxide from outside
>> into
>> > the biogas plant and see if the organisms in the digester produce more
>> > methane to reach the euilibrium constant. I shall be grateful to get
>> your
>> > reaction on this. ****
>> >
>> > Yours****
>> >
>> > A.D.Karve ****
>> >
>> > 2011/3/22 Gasan Osojnik <gasan.osojnik at gmail.com>****
>> >
>> > Hi Mohamed,
>> >
>> > The general (though I am sure there will be other interpretations)
>> > mechanism of biogas formation is 4-step and involves:
>> > 1. Hydrolysis (degradation of polymers)
>> > 2. Acidogenesis (the formation of volatile fatty acids - low molecular
>> > carboxylic acids)
>> > 3. Acetogenesis (the formation of acetate, CO2 and H2)
>> > 4. Methanogenesis (from acetete -> CO2 and CH4 is formed, from CO2 and
>> H2
>> > -> CH4 is formed, methanogenesis from acetate and CO2+H2 has to run
>> > simultaneously for the proces to be stable)
>> >
>> > The last step is the reason why there will be always some CO2 in biogas.
>> > Each of this steps is carried out by different groups of microorganisms.
>> >
>> > So the initial biochemical sources of biogas are carbohydrates,
>> proteins,
>> > fats etc. In the long run, any substance that can be converted
>> > intermediately either to dissolved CO2 and H2 or to acetate is
>> appropriate
>> > for biogas production.
>> >
>> > BR from Slovenia, Gasan****
>> >
>> > ****
>> >
>> > *Ilja Gasan OSOJNIK ?RNIVEC, *L05 - Laboratory for Environmental
>> Sciences
>> > and Engineering ****
>> >
>> > ****
>> >
>> > [image: KI+letokemije.jpg]****
>> >
>> > ****
>> >
>> > National Institute of Chemistry****
>> >
>> > Hajdrihova 19****
>> >
>> > SI-1001 Ljubljana****
>> >
>> > ****
>> >
>> > Tel.: (01) 47 60 239****
>> >
>> > (01) 47 60 200****
>> >
>> > Fax: (01) 47 60 300****
>> >
>> > ****
>> >
>> > ****
>> >
>> > _______________________________________________
>> > Digestion mailing list
>> >
>> > to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
>> > Digestion at bioenergylists.org
>> >
>> > to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>> >
>> >
>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
>> >
>> > for more information about digestion, see
>> > Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>> > http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>> > and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
>> >
>> >
>> >
>>
>>
>> --
>> ***
>> Dr. A.D. Karve
>> President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)
>>
>> *Please change my email address in your records to: adkarve at gmail.com *
>> -------------- next part --------------
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>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20110629/33a39d85/attachment-0001.html
>> >
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>> >
>>
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 10
>> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 08:58:31 -0700 (PDT)
>> From: Douglas Renk <douglasrenk at yahoo.com>
>> To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
>> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestate as fertilizer.
>> Message-ID:
>> <1309363111.29679.YahooMailClassic at web120204.mail.ne1.yahoo.com>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Hello "Gordon" :)
>> ?
>> I'm curious to see Peter's response to your question.
>> ?
>> Over and above the nutritional value of the digestate versus cost of
>> separation and application, let's hope health and productivity of soil as a
>> natural resource converts to monetary value. Soil's ability to sequester
>> carbon is an ecological service that has been monetized.
>> ?
>> http://www.scribd.com/doc/49240018/lbfb-en?
>> ?
>> I think as agricultural or bioprocess engineers, we are by nature,
>> conditioned to think circularly. Therefore the total cost of an agricultural
>> model should include all costs (which should include preservation of land,
>> fertility?and resources)?to?function as closely to a successful market model
>> as possible.
>>
>> ?
>> All the best,
>> Doug Renk
>>
>> --- On Wed, 6/29/11, Randy Mott <randymott at ceeres.eu> wrote:
>>
>>
>> From: Randy Mott <randymott at ceeres.eu>
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestate as fertilizer.
>> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'" <
>> digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>> Date: Wednesday, June 29, 2011, 2:05 AM
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Okay. My nickname is the Gordon Gecko of biogas: cost per ton? Value of
>> separate constituents per ton?
>> ?
>> Randy Mott
>> CEERES
>> ?
>>
>>
>> From: digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:
>> digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of Peter Allison
>> Sent: Wednesday, June 29, 2011 4:31 AM
>> To: digestion
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestate as fertilizer.
>> ?
>>
>> Hi All,
>>
>> With regard to utilizing digestate as a crop fertilizer, it is often
>> stated the slurry is spread on fields with the inherent problem of
>> biological toxicity and crusting of surface applications.
>>
>> I believe this process is an incomplete and basically a cheap and nasty
>> means of disposing a potentially valuable resource.
>>
>> The addition of a 1.5% potassium hydroxide solution of? to the spent
>> digestate enables a disassociation of the solid fraction from the colloidal
>> material. When the un-reacted and?fibrous remains are filtered from the
>> treated mix and the resultant fluid is?allowed to settle, colloidal
>> concentrate or fulvic acid?will be found in the top fraction, humic acid in
>> the lower portion and carbon rich nutrient at the bottom.
>>
>> The increased pH also enables a stabilization of biological activity
>> within the fluids?until dilution with water.
>>
>> These fractions are the most valuable components of the AD process. The
>> bio-gas is a bonus.
>>
>> The fulvic acid is a supreme foliar fertilizer, the humic acid is best
>> suited to soil applications and the carbon mud is an excellent binder for a
>> wide range of solid crop fertilizer inclusions such as rock-dust, blood and
>> bone, etc, before pelletizing for broadcast operations.
>>
>> We are desperately looking for sustainable solutions to chemical based
>> crop fertilizers. Most agriculturalists are aware of the folly of NPK
>> reliance.
>>
>> AD, like the?composting of organic waste materials provides all of the
>> nutritional requirements?for?every form of?plant-life.
>>
>> Recycling of crop nutrients via AD has the ability to negate the
>> detrimental effects of chemical agriculture, repair degraded soils, help
>> resolve salinity problems, increase nutritional food values of crops,
>> increase soil moisture holding capacity?and put an end to the contamination
>> of precious waterways.?
>>
>> Simply dumping spent digestate on fields is a lazy and mindless means?for
>> disposal.
>>
>> Don't waste waste.
>>
>> Regards,
>>
>> Peter.??
>> -----Inline Attachment Follows-----
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Digestion mailing list
>>
>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
>> Digestion at bioenergylists.org
>>
>> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>>
>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
>>
>> for more information about digestion, see
>> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
>>
>> -------------- next part --------------
>> An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
>> URL: <
>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20110629/04a3e141/attachment-0001.html
>> >
>>
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 11
>> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 21:55:08 +0530
>> From: Murali Krishna <bmkrishna6 at gmail.com>
>> To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
>> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Fwd: The biology of biogas production
>> Message-ID: <BANLkTimK=jpAkgRjbfxa+HJbdpnncQV2RA at mail.gmail.com>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-2"
>>
>> Good day Paul,
>>
>> CO2 is isolated and streamed into a separate chamber. Carbonic Anhydrase
>> enzymes are used to isolate CO2 from the digester. Carbonic anhydrase,
>> rapidly converts carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. Thus CO2 is efficiently
>> removed from the solution in the digester. The product of this reaction,
>> bicarbonate, can then be reacted with sodium to form NaHCO2, baking soda.
>> By this process CO2 emission into atomosphere is reduced substantially and
>> there is more space in the digester. There is a patent on this.
>>
>> The isolated CO2 after modifications is sent back into the digester and
>> Methane is generated. (This second part I need to yet confirm). I shall
>> come back to you soon on this.
>>
>> Krishna
>>
>>
>>
>> 2011/6/29 Anand Karve <adkarve at gmail.com>
>>
>> > Dear Paul,
>> > The text book opinion is that methanogens are hel.ped by a large number
>> of
>> > other bacteria in the process of methanogenesis. Some time ago I had
>> posed a
>> > question to Gasan that if there are so many different organisms involved
>> in
>> > this process, why we did not get a lot more carbon dioxide in our biogas
>> > than the 40% that everybody reports. He wrote that the organisms that
>> > associated themselves with the methanogens used the carbon dioxide as
>> the
>> > source of carbon. Gasan may elaborate this point.
>> > Yours
>> > A.D.Karve
>> >
>> >
>> > 2011/6/29 Paul Harris <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>> >
>> >> G'day A.D. Karve et al,****
>> >>
>> >> ** **
>> >>
>> >> This post from a while back prompted an interesting thought - if you
>> are
>> >> right we may be able to acclimate a digester to using just CO2 as the
>> carbon
>> >> source, so we could convert CO2 back to methane and solve both CO2
>> emissions
>> >> and "peak oil".****
>> >>
>> >> ** **
>> >>
>> >> The quality ratio of CH4 to CO2 does vary a bit, sometimes being less
>> than
>> >> 50% methane and sometimes claims of over 90% methane, but David Fulford
>> has
>> >> shown that sugar and starch give 50% methane so any improvement is due
>> to
>> >> some methanogens using CO2 produced earlier in the sequence and H+ from
>> >> water and acids to make CH4 and H2O.****
>> >>
>> >> ** **
>> >>
>> >> Happy digesting,****
>> >>
>> >> HOOROO****
>> >>
>> >> ** **
>> >>
>> >> Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences,
>> >> The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064
>> Ph
>> >> : +61 8 8303 7880 Fax : +61 8 8303 4386
>> >> mailto:paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>> >> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris****
>> >>
>> >> ** **
>> >>
>> >> CRICOS Provider Number 00123M****
>> >>
>> >> This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains
>> >> information that may be confidential and/or copyright. If you are not
>> the
>> >> intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and
>> immediately
>> >> delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by
>> anyone
>> >> other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No
>> >> representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of
>> >> viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the
>> >> recipient.****
>> >>
>> >> ** **
>> >>
>> >> *From:* digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:
>> >> digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] *On Behalf Of *Anand Karve
>> >>
>> >> *Sent:* Thursday, 2 June 2011 12:50 PM
>> >> *To:* digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org
>> >> *Subject:* [Digestion] Fwd: The biology of biogas production****
>> >>
>> >> ** **
>> >>
>> >> ** **
>> >>
>> >> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>> >> From: *Anand Karve* <adkarve at gmail.com>
>> >> Date: 2011/6/2
>> >> Subject: Re: [Digestion] The biology of biogas production
>> >> To: Gasan Osojnik <gasan.osojnik at gmail.com>
>> >>
>> >> ****
>> >>
>> >> Dear List,****
>> >>
>> >> Irrespective of the substrate, design of the system or the temperature
>> of
>> >> the reaction, the proportion of methane to carbon dioxide in the
>> >> biogas seems to be constant all over the world. Is there an
>> >> equilibrium between these two gases that keeps this proportion
>> constant?
>> >> Because in that case, one might introduce carbon dioxide from outside
>> into
>> >> the biogas plant and see if the organisms in the digester produce more
>> >> methane to reach the euilibrium constant. I shall be grateful to get
>> your
>> >> reaction on this. ****
>> >>
>> >> Yours****
>> >>
>> >> A.D.Karve ****
>> >>
>> >> 2011/3/22 Gasan Osojnik <gasan.osojnik at gmail.com>****
>> >>
>> >> Hi Mohamed,
>> >>
>> >> The general (though I am sure there will be other interpretations)
>> >> mechanism of biogas formation is 4-step and involves:
>> >> 1. Hydrolysis (degradation of polymers)
>> >> 2. Acidogenesis (the formation of volatile fatty acids - low molecular
>> >> carboxylic acids)
>> >> 3. Acetogenesis (the formation of acetate, CO2 and H2)
>> >> 4. Methanogenesis (from acetete -> CO2 and CH4 is formed, from CO2 and
>> H2
>> >> -> CH4 is formed, methanogenesis from acetate and CO2+H2 has to run
>> >> simultaneously for the proces to be stable)
>> >>
>> >> The last step is the reason why there will be always some CO2 in
>> biogas.
>> >> Each of this steps is carried out by different groups of
>> microorganisms.
>> >>
>> >> So the initial biochemical sources of biogas are carbohydrates,
>> proteins,
>> >> fats etc. In the long run, any substance that can be converted
>> >> intermediately either to dissolved CO2 and H2 or to acetate is
>> appropriate
>> >> for biogas production.
>> >>
>> >> BR from Slovenia, Gasan****
>> >>
>> >> ****
>> >>
>> >> *Ilja Gasan OSOJNIK ?RNIVEC, *L05 - Laboratory for Environmental
>> Sciences
>> >> and Engineering ****
>> >>
>> >> ****
>> >>
>> >> [image: KI+letokemije.jpg]****
>> >>
>> >> ****
>> >>
>> >> National Institute of Chemistry****
>> >>
>> >> Hajdrihova 19****
>> >>
>> >> SI-1001 Ljubljana****
>> >>
>> >> ****
>> >>
>> >> Tel.: (01) 47 60 239****
>> >>
>> >> (01) 47 60 200****
>> >>
>> >> Fax: (01) 47 60 300****
>> >>
>> >> ****
>> >>
>> >> ****
>> >>
>> >> _______________________________________________
>> >> Digestion mailing list
>> >>
>> >> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
>> >> Digestion at bioenergylists.org
>> >>
>> >> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>> >>
>> >>
>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
>> >>
>> >> for more information about digestion, see
>> >> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>> >> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>> >> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >
>> >
>> > --
>> > ***
>> > Dr. A.D. Karve
>> > President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)
>> >
>> > *Please change my email address in your records to: adkarve at gmail.com *
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> > _______________________________________________
>> > Digestion mailing list
>> >
>> > to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
>> > Digestion at bioenergylists.org
>> >
>> > to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>> >
>> >
>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
>> >
>> > for more information about digestion, see
>> > Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>> > http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>> > and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
>> >
>> >
>> >
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>> ------------------------------
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Digestion mailing list
>>
>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
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>>
>> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>>
>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
>>
>> for more information about digestion, see
>> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
>>
>>
>>
>> End of Digestion Digest, Vol 10, Issue 24
>> *****************************************
>>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Digestion mailing list
>
> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
> Digestion at bioenergylists.org
>
> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
>
> for more information about digestion, see
> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
>
>
>
--
Alexander Eaton
Sistema Biobolsa
IRRI-Mexico
RedBioLAC
Mex cel: (55) 11522786
US cel: 970 275 4505
alex at irrimexico.org
alex at sistemabiobolsa.com
sistemabiobolsa.com
www.irrimexico.org
www.redbiolac.org
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