[Digestion] Digestion Digest, Vol 10, Issue 24
Christine McKiernan
cmckiernan93 at gmail.com
Thu Jun 30 05:58:46 CDT 2011
Digestate as Fertilizer
Per Gordon Gecko's comments (aka Randy Mott) what are the potential values
of the separated factions of treated digestate? If this treatment is done
on a large scale how are each of the 3 factions removed 'easily'? Just
wondering about implementation.
Thanks,
Christine McKiernan
On Wed, Jun 29, 2011 at 3:00 PM, <digestion-request at lists.bioenergylists.org
> wrote:
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> Today's Topics:
>
> 1. FW: The Department of public works South Africa (Paul Harris)
> 2. Re: Flares, Check Valves, Insulation Blankets (Paul Harris)
> 3. Re: Fwd: The biology of biogas production (Paul Harris)
> 4. FW: Ceram Kote (Paul Harris)
> 5. Re: Digestate as fertilizer. (Peter Allison)
> 6. Re: Environmentalists Anti-AD Issues (Alan Muller)
> 7. Re: Digestate as fertilizer. (Randy Mott)
> 8. Re: Environmentalists Anti-AD Issues (Randy Mott)
> 9. Re: Fwd: The biology of biogas production (Anand Karve)
> 10. Re: Digestate as fertilizer. (Douglas Renk)
> 11. Re: Fwd: The biology of biogas production (Murali Krishna)
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 08:56:20 +0930
> From: "Paul Harris" <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'"
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: [Digestion] FW: The Department of public works South Africa
> Message-ID: <002801cc35ea$ca200fe0$5e602fa0$@harris at adelaide.edu.au>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>
> G'day All,
>
>
>
> The message below may be of interest to some listers - apologies to those
> not interested and for cross posting.
>
>
>
> Happy Digesting,
>
> HOOROO
>
>
>
> Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences, The
> University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Ph :
> +61
> 8 8303 7880 Fax : +61 8 8303 4386 mailto:
> paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au
> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris
>
>
>
> CRICOS Provider Number 00123M
>
> This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains
> information that may be confidential and/or copyright. If you are not the
> intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and immediately
> delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by anyone
> other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No
> representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of
> viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the
> recipient.
>
>
>
> From: Kennedy Gumbi [mailto:kenjs722 at gmail.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, 29 June 2011 12:30 AM
> To: Paul.harris
> Subject: The Department of public works South Africa
>
>
>
> The Department of public works South Africa
>
> EOI NO: SADC/LIMP/DPWSA/008/001
>
> EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
>
> Attn: The President/CEO
>
> Notice Inviting Tender
>
> The Department of public works in conjunction with the Southern African
> Development Community (SADC) is embarking on a multi-million rand project
> for the development of south African sub communities
>
> The project is in line with the Department of public works mandate of
> pioneering development in all sub communities of South Africa
>
> We require the following:
>
> Tenders are invited from bonafied experienced international contractors of
> sound financial standing and reputation and fulfilling the
> pre-qualification
> requirements for the following:
>
> I: Supply of dredgers
>
> II: Supply of hospital equipments
>
> III: Construction of 950 hundred units of houses in Extension 9, 10 and 11
> South Gauteng Province.
>
> IV: Technical Knowhow: Tenderers or consortia that have at least minimum
> of
> four years experience in biofuel and biodiesel production, ability to use
> co-generation facilities to provide electricity to the National Grid.
>
> Interested companies or contractors should consider the following:
>
> Ability for company executives to travel at short notice to South Africa
> for
> briefings and consultation should need arise.
>
> EOI duration is a period of two weeks from receipt of this notice.
>
> Tenderers or consortia that have the capacity for this kind of project
> should kindly respond immediately, after which further relevant Documents
> will be dispatched for filling and submission by tenderer.
> A compulsory briefing will be held in South Africa between the Executives
> of
> Department of public works South Africa and Executives of the finally short
> listed company NB:PLEASE REPLY THROUGH THIS EMAIL ADDRESS kenjs at bk.ru
>
> Thank you,
>
> Kennedy Gumbi
>
> -------------- next part --------------
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 2
> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 10:59:41 +0930
> From: "Paul Harris" <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'"
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Flares, Check Valves, Insulation Blankets
> Message-ID: <00d101cc35fc$053371b0$0f9a5510$@harris at adelaide.edu.au>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>
> G'day Steven,
>
> For a small system I suggest a "water trap" is the best check valve, as it
> also acts as a flame trap and a condensate collection point. For a couple
> of
> ideas go to http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/safety/ where you can view
> sketches of Flametrap1 and Flametrap2.
>
> Happy Digesting,
> HOOROO
>
> Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences,
> The?
> University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Ph??? :
> +61
> 8 8303 7880????? Fax?? : +61?8?8303?4386
> mailto:paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au??
> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris
>
> CRICOS Provider Number 00123M
> This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains
> information that may be confidential and/or copyright.? If you are not the
> intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and immediately
> delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by anyone
> other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No
> representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of
> viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the
> recipient.
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org
> [mailto:digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of Steven
> Bolgiano
> Sent: Wednesday, 22 June 2011 7:07 AM
> To: digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org
> Subject: [Digestion] Flares, Check Valves, Insulation Blankets
>
> Hi Group,
> I thought I'd put a group of trivia questions, in one email.
>
> Gas Flare - In terms of a small digester, can anyone describe or point
> to plans for self-assembling a gas flare?
> I assume it would be a type of pressure valve with an activation for a
> battery operated igniter, so that if the gas collection bag became too
> full it would relieve pressure by burning off excess?
> And any comments or advice on flares in general, or how it might apply
> to a bladder tank style containment would be great.
>
> Check Valves - I assume a gas check valve would go between the gas
> containment and the generator engine, also between a utility like the
> above mentioned flare, .... where else in a small digester system
> should a check valve be located. I know with the solar water heating
> for tanks, we just completed ... in terms of a water valve, a "swing
> check valve" was required because our solar water heating is a closed
> loop with next to nothing in pressure to open a spring loaded valve.
> What are the various kinds of check valves for gas, and what is best for
> a small system?
>
> Insulation Blankets - I know quite a few list members are from outside
> the U.S. so they may not be able to help, but I'm looking for a UV
> resistant insulation blanket, black on top and reflective on bottom to
> cover bladder tanks in winter. These tanks actually have a low profile
> "greenhouse" shell over them, so the ambient greenhouse temps can be as
> high as 65C. The blanket would need to be 5 x 9 meters.
> Any suggestions for sources to buy?
>
> Thanks!
> Steven
>
> --
> Steven Bolgiano
> Executive Director
> Planet Foundation Ltd.
> steven at planetfound.com
> 443.235.1344
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Digestion mailing list
>
> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
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>
> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>
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> sts.org
>
> for more information about digestion, see
> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
>
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 3
> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 12:14:39 +0930
> From: "Paul Harris" <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'"
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Fwd: The biology of biogas production
> Message-ID: <00fb01cc3606$7e81c800$7b855800$@harris at adelaide.edu.au>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-2"
>
> G'day A.D. Karve et al,
>
>
>
> This post from a while back prompted an interesting thought - if you are
> right we may be able to acclimate a digester to using just CO2 as the
> carbon
> source, so we could convert CO2 back to methane and solve both CO2
> emissions
> and "peak oil".
>
>
>
> The quality ratio of CH4 to CO2 does vary a bit, sometimes being less than
> 50% methane and sometimes claims of over 90% methane, but David Fulford has
> shown that sugar and starch give 50% methane so any improvement is due to
> some methanogens using CO2 produced earlier in the sequence and H+ from
> water and acids to make CH4 and H2O.
>
>
>
> Happy digesting,
>
> HOOROO
>
>
>
> Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences, The
> University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Ph :
> +61
> 8 8303 7880 Fax : +61 8 8303 4386
> <mailto:paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au> mailto:paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au
> <http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris>
> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris
>
>
>
> CRICOS Provider Number 00123M
>
> This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains
> information that may be confidential and/or copyright. If you are not the
> intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and immediately
> delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by anyone
> other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No
> representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of
> viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the
> recipient.
>
>
>
> From: digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org
> [mailto:digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of Anand
> Karve
> Sent: Thursday, 2 June 2011 12:50 PM
> To: digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org
> Subject: [Digestion] Fwd: The biology of biogas production
>
>
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Anand Karve <adkarve at gmail.com>
> Date: 2011/6/2
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] The biology of biogas production
> To: Gasan Osojnik <gasan.osojnik at gmail.com>
>
>
>
> Dear List,
>
> Irrespective of the substrate, design of the system or the temperature of
> the reaction, the proportion of methane to carbon dioxide in the biogas
> seems to be constant all over the world. Is there an equilibrium between
> these two gases that keeps this proportion constant? Because in that case,
> one might introduce carbon dioxide from outside into the biogas plant and
> see if the organisms in the digester produce more methane to reach the
> euilibrium constant. I shall be grateful to get your reaction on this.
>
> Yours
>
> A.D.Karve
>
> 2011/3/22 Gasan Osojnik <gasan.osojnik at gmail.com>
>
> Hi Mohamed,
>
> The general (though I am sure there will be other interpretations)
> mechanism
> of biogas formation is 4-step and involves:
> 1. Hydrolysis (degradation of polymers)
> 2. Acidogenesis (the formation of volatile fatty acids - low molecular
> carboxylic acids)
> 3. Acetogenesis (the formation of acetate, CO2 and H2)
> 4. Methanogenesis (from acetete -> CO2 and CH4 is formed, from CO2 and H2
> ->
> CH4 is formed, methanogenesis from acetate and CO2+H2 has to run
> simultaneously for the proces to be stable)
>
> The last step is the reason why there will be always some CO2 in biogas.
> Each of this steps is carried out by different groups of microorganisms.
>
> So the initial biochemical sources of biogas are carbohydrates, proteins,
> fats etc. In the long run, any substance that can be converted
> intermediately either to dissolved CO2 and H2 or to acetate is appropriate
> for biogas production.
>
> BR from Slovenia, Gasan
>
>
>
> Ilja Gasan OSOJNIK ?RNIVEC, L05 - Laboratory for Environmental Sciences and
> Engineering
>
>
>
> KI+letokemije.jpg
>
>
>
> National Institute of Chemistry
>
> Hajdrihova 19
>
> SI-1001 Ljubljana
>
>
>
> Tel.: (01) 47 60 239
>
> (01) 47 60 200
>
> Fax: (01) 47 60 300
>
>
>
>
>
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 4
> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 13:11:01 +0930
> From: "Paul Harris" <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'"
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: [Digestion] FW: Ceram Kote
> Message-ID: <010701cc360e$5e32a080$1a97e180$@harris at adelaide.edu.au>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>
> G?day All,
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Please let me know (by private e-mail, rather than clogging the
> listserver!)
>
> if you find the items I am forwarding helpful (or annoying), as I don?t
> know
>
> how widely they get distributed.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Happy digesting,
>
>
>
> HOOROO
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences, The
>
> University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064
>
> Ph : +61 8 8303 7880 Fax : +61 8 8303 4386
>
> <mailto:paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>
> <http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris>
>
>
>
>
>
> CRICOS Provider Number 00123M
>
>
>
> This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains
>
> information that may be confidential and/or copyright. If you are not the
>
> intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and immediately
>
> delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by anyone
>
> other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No
>
> representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of
>
> viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the
>
> recipient.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> From: SWU [mailto:swu at ceram-kote.de]
>
> Sent: Tuesday, 21 June 2011 7:04 PM
>
> To: swu at ceram-kote.de
>
> Subject: Ceram Kote: International patented coating system against
>
> SRB-induced bio corrosion!
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> NEWSLETTER s MAY 2011
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Dear customers and interested persons,
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> due to our international patented coating products against SRB-induced bio
>
> corrosion, we would like to explain the complex mechanism of anaerobe bio
>
> corrosion in details.
>
>
>
> Our discription should help you to understand how SRB-bacteria operate and
>
> induce pitting corrosion.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Please find attached
>
>
>
> * our interesting Newsletter May 2011 with the detailed
> explanation of
>
> SRB-induced bio corrosion and the effect of our patented coating systems
>
>
>
> * our new Product-Matrix-Table (PMT) "Bio corrosion" with
> displays
>
> clearly properties and resistances of our special product series
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> You can get more information about our coating products and successful
>
> reference-projects on our website www.ceram-kote.de
>
> <http://www.ceram-kote.de/>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> We would appreciate to give you technical advice and answer all your
>
> questions.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Mit freundlichen Gr??en/
>
>
>
> Best regards
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Stephanie W?nsch
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Ceram Kote International GmbH
>
>
>
> Daimlerring 9
>
>
>
> D-32289 R?dinghausen
>
>
>
> Phone: +49 (0) 5223 - 96276 23
>
>
>
> Fax: +49 (0) 5223 - 96276 17
>
>
>
> email: swu at ceram-kote.de
>
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 5
> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 12:30:35 +1000
> From: "Peter Allison" <pm.allison at bigpond.com>
> To: "digestion" <digestion at bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestate as fertilizer.
> Message-ID: <87E98810AD06450E845B36321D9EBE6C at dellc10k9ci56b>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>
> Hi All,
> With regard to utilizing digestate as a crop fertilizer, it is often stated
> the slurry is spread on fields with the inherent problem of biological
> toxicity and crusting of surface applications.
> I believe this process is an incomplete and basically a cheap and nasty
> means of disposing a potentially valuable resource.
> The addition of a 1.5% potassium hydroxide solution of to the spent
> digestate enables a disassociation of the solid fraction from the colloidal
> material. When the un-reacted and fibrous remains are filtered from the
> treated mix and the resultant fluid is allowed to settle, colloidal
> concentrate or fulvic acid will be found in the top fraction, humic acid in
> the lower portion and carbon rich nutrient at the bottom.
> The increased pH also enables a stabilization of biological activity within
> the fluids until dilution with water.
> These fractions are the most valuable components of the AD process. The
> bio-gas is a bonus.
> The fulvic acid is a supreme foliar fertilizer, the humic acid is best
> suited to soil applications and the carbon mud is an excellent binder for a
> wide range of solid crop fertilizer inclusions such as rock-dust, blood and
> bone, etc, before pelletizing for broadcast operations.
> We are desperately looking for sustainable solutions to chemical based crop
> fertilizers. Most agriculturalists are aware of the folly of NPK reliance.
> AD, like the composting of organic waste materials provides all of the
> nutritional requirements for every form of plant-life.
> Recycling of crop nutrients via AD has the ability to negate the
> detrimental effects of chemical agriculture, repair degraded soils, help
> resolve salinity problems, increase nutritional food values of crops,
> increase soil moisture holding capacity and put an end to the contamination
> of precious waterways.
> Simply dumping spent digestate on fields is a lazy and mindless means for
> disposal.
> Don't waste waste.
> Regards,
> Peter.
> -------------- next part --------------
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> >
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 6
> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 00:38:31 -0500
> From: Alan Muller <amuller at dca.net>
> To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>, For Discussion of Anaerobic
> Digestion <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Environmentalists Anti-AD Issues
> Message-ID: <20110629053833.9230D178684 at smtp-relay.dca.net>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed
>
> Well, on the original point, what I've seen in Minnesota is some
> enviro types cheerleading for AD in a rather uninformed way, as if
> this is their latest enthusiasm in a long line including corn
> ethanol, "biomass" burning, etc. Others, of course, are concerned
> that proposed projects wouldn't be good neighbors.
>
> The interest is sometimes connected to improved organics management,
> but more usually to the--typically insignificant--electricity or
> "biogas" production. Rarely are people thinking much about the fate
> of the digestate. The investors and "economic development" types are
> mostly interested in harvesting some of the various incentives
> associated with "renewable energy." They, and the politicians, are
> confused by the plethora of folk peddling magic bullet solutions to
> energy and materials management problems. It matters not,
> apparently, that almost all of these ignore basic principles of
> chemistry and thermodynamics we all supposedly learnt in high school.
>
> Overall, an amusing but not very productive scene.....
>
> am
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 7
> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 08:05:04 +0200
> From: "Randy Mott" <randymott at ceeres.eu>
> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'"
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestate as fertilizer.
> Message-ID: <002201cc3622$7d76fe00$7864fa00$@ceeres.eu>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>
> Okay. My nickname is the Gordon Gecko of biogas: cost per ton? Value of
> separate constituents per ton?
>
>
>
> Randy Mott
>
> CEERES
>
>
>
> From: digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org
> [mailto:digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of Peter
> Allison
> Sent: Wednesday, June 29, 2011 4:31 AM
> To: digestion
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestate as fertilizer.
>
>
>
> Hi All,
>
> With regard to utilizing digestate as a crop fertilizer, it is often stated
> the slurry is spread on fields with the inherent problem of biological
> toxicity and crusting of surface applications.
>
> I believe this process is an incomplete and basically a cheap and nasty
> means of disposing a potentially valuable resource.
>
> The addition of a 1.5% potassium hydroxide solution of to the spent
> digestate enables a disassociation of the solid fraction from the colloidal
> material. When the un-reacted and fibrous remains are filtered from the
> treated mix and the resultant fluid is allowed to settle, colloidal
> concentrate or fulvic acid will be found in the top fraction, humic acid in
> the lower portion and carbon rich nutrient at the bottom.
>
> The increased pH also enables a stabilization of biological activity within
> the fluids until dilution with water.
>
> These fractions are the most valuable components of the AD process. The
> bio-gas is a bonus.
>
> The fulvic acid is a supreme foliar fertilizer, the humic acid is best
> suited to soil applications and the carbon mud is an excellent binder for a
> wide range of solid crop fertilizer inclusions such as rock-dust, blood and
> bone, etc, before pelletizing for broadcast operations.
>
> We are desperately looking for sustainable solutions to chemical based crop
> fertilizers. Most agriculturalists are aware of the folly of NPK reliance.
>
> AD, like the composting of organic waste materials provides all of the
> nutritional requirements for every form of plant-life.
>
> Recycling of crop nutrients via AD has the ability to negate the
> detrimental
> effects of chemical agriculture, repair degraded soils, help resolve
> salinity problems, increase nutritional food values of crops, increase soil
> moisture holding capacity and put an end to the contamination of precious
> waterways.
>
> Simply dumping spent digestate on fields is a lazy and mindless means for
> disposal.
>
> Don't waste waste.
>
> Regards,
>
> Peter.
>
> -------------- next part --------------
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> >
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 8
> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 09:26:02 +0200
> From: "Randy Mott" <randymott at ceeres.eu>
> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'"
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Environmentalists Anti-AD Issues
> Message-ID: <003201cc362d$ccf3cde0$66db69a0$@ceeres.eu>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>
> The introduction to our odor White Paper:
>
> " Every major environmental organization has endorsed biogas as the
> most
> environmentally friendly method of addressing management of organic waste.
> These conclusions by professional environmental advocates completely
> contradict the uninformed views of local residents overly concerned over
> this issue. Environmental groups widely support biogas as the preferred
> method of dealing with biodegradable wastes." Instead of sending it to
> landfill, anaerobic digestion allows us to convert this waste into biogas,
> making it part of the solution." Greenpeace:
> http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/blog
> /climate/the-weekly-geek-anaerobic-digestion-20080220 . Greenpeace calls
> for
> "biodegradable household and food industry waste" to be taken to a "local
> biogas plant . urban centres." Greenpeace brochure on biogas in the UK,
> page
> 12: http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/MultimediaFiles/Live/FullReport/7154.pdf
> . Friends of the Earth has specifically endorsed construction of
> biodegradation facilities in Poland for organic wastes since 2008.
> http://bankwatch.org/documents/letter_ DGRegio_08_05_08.pdf. Note: all of
> these groups are talking about biogas for waste management, not farm
> biogas,
> which is an important distinction, explained below.
>
> " The question is obvious: what do these professional environmental
> groups know about biogas than local Polish residents do not seem to know?
> Obviously there is an information gap. We will provide the answer in our
> description of the technology successfully developed in Denmark over the
> last thirty years."
>
>
> It gets better, but this is to get their attention.
>
> Randy Mott
> CEERES
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org
> [mailto:digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of Alan
> Muller
> Sent: Wednesday, June 29, 2011 7:39 AM
> To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion; For Discussion of Anaerobic
> Digestion
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Environmentalists Anti-AD Issues
>
> Well, on the original point, what I've seen in Minnesota is some enviro
> types cheerleading for AD in a rather uninformed way, as if this is their
> latest enthusiasm in a long line including corn ethanol, "biomass" burning,
> etc. Others, of course, are concerned that proposed projects wouldn't be
> good neighbors.
>
> The interest is sometimes connected to improved organics management, but
> more usually to the--typically insignificant--electricity or "biogas"
> production. Rarely are people thinking much about the fate of the
> digestate. The investors and "economic development" types are mostly
> interested in harvesting some of the various incentives associated with
> "renewable energy." They, and the politicians, are confused by the
> plethora
> of folk peddling magic bullet solutions to energy and materials management
> problems. It matters not, apparently, that almost all of these ignore
> basic
> principles of chemistry and thermodynamics we all supposedly learnt in high
> school.
>
> Overall, an amusing but not very productive scene.....
>
> am
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Digestion mailing list
>
> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
> Digestion at bioenergylists.org
>
> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergyli
> sts.org
>
> for more information about digestion, see Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 9
> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 22:23:27 +0800
> From: Anand Karve <adkarve at gmail.com>
> To: paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au, For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Fwd: The biology of biogas production
> Message-ID: <BANLkTi=iCPU9n=ULeu9W-5JM6+MNCXWAMQ at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-2"
>
> Dear Paul,
> The text book opinion is that methanogens are helped by a large number of
> other bacteria in the process of methanogenesis. Some time ago I had posed
> a
> question to Gasan that if there are so many different organisms involved in
> this process, why we did not get a lot more carbon dioxide in our biogas
> than the 40% that everybody reports. He wrote that the organisms that
> associated themselves with the methanogens used the carbon dioxide as the
> source of carbon. Gasan may elaborate this point.
> Yours
> A.D.Karve
>
>
> 2011/6/29 Paul Harris <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
>
> > G'day A.D. Karve et al,****
> >
> > ** **
> >
> > This post from a while back prompted an interesting thought - if you are
> > right we may be able to acclimate a digester to using just CO2 as the
> carbon
> > source, so we could convert CO2 back to methane and solve both CO2
> emissions
> > and "peak oil".****
> >
> > ** **
> >
> > The quality ratio of CH4 to CO2 does vary a bit, sometimes being less
> than
> > 50% methane and sometimes claims of over 90% methane, but David Fulford
> has
> > shown that sugar and starch give 50% methane so any improvement is due to
> > some methanogens using CO2 produced earlier in the sequence and H+ from
> > water and acids to make CH4 and H2O.****
> >
> > ** **
> >
> > Happy digesting,****
> >
> > HOOROO****
> >
> > ** **
> >
> > Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences,
> > The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Ph
> > : +61 8 8303 7880 Fax : +61 8 8303 4386
> > mailto:paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
> > http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris****
> >
> > ** **
> >
> > CRICOS Provider Number 00123M****
> >
> > This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains
> > information that may be confidential and/or copyright. If you are not
> the
> > intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and
> immediately
> > delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by
> anyone
> > other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No
> > representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of
> > viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the
> > recipient.****
> >
> > ** **
> >
> > *From:* digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:
> > digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] *On Behalf Of *Anand Karve
> > *Sent:* Thursday, 2 June 2011 12:50 PM
> > *To:* digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org
> > *Subject:* [Digestion] Fwd: The biology of biogas production****
> >
> > ** **
> >
> > ** **
> >
> > ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> > From: *Anand Karve* <adkarve at gmail.com>
> > Date: 2011/6/2
> > Subject: Re: [Digestion] The biology of biogas production
> > To: Gasan Osojnik <gasan.osojnik at gmail.com>
> >
> > ****
> >
> > Dear List,****
> >
> > Irrespective of the substrate, design of the system or the temperature
> of
> > the reaction, the proportion of methane to carbon dioxide in the
> > biogas seems to be constant all over the world. Is there an
> > equilibrium between these two gases that keeps this proportion constant?
> > Because in that case, one might introduce carbon dioxide from outside
> into
> > the biogas plant and see if the organisms in the digester produce more
> > methane to reach the euilibrium constant. I shall be grateful to get your
> > reaction on this. ****
> >
> > Yours****
> >
> > A.D.Karve ****
> >
> > 2011/3/22 Gasan Osojnik <gasan.osojnik at gmail.com>****
> >
> > Hi Mohamed,
> >
> > The general (though I am sure there will be other interpretations)
> > mechanism of biogas formation is 4-step and involves:
> > 1. Hydrolysis (degradation of polymers)
> > 2. Acidogenesis (the formation of volatile fatty acids - low molecular
> > carboxylic acids)
> > 3. Acetogenesis (the formation of acetate, CO2 and H2)
> > 4. Methanogenesis (from acetete -> CO2 and CH4 is formed, from CO2 and H2
> > -> CH4 is formed, methanogenesis from acetate and CO2+H2 has to run
> > simultaneously for the proces to be stable)
> >
> > The last step is the reason why there will be always some CO2 in biogas.
> > Each of this steps is carried out by different groups of microorganisms.
> >
> > So the initial biochemical sources of biogas are carbohydrates, proteins,
> > fats etc. In the long run, any substance that can be converted
> > intermediately either to dissolved CO2 and H2 or to acetate is
> appropriate
> > for biogas production.
> >
> > BR from Slovenia, Gasan****
> >
> > ****
> >
> > *Ilja Gasan OSOJNIK ?RNIVEC, *L05 - Laboratory for Environmental Sciences
> > and Engineering ****
> >
> > ****
> >
> > [image: KI+letokemije.jpg]****
> >
> > ****
> >
> > National Institute of Chemistry****
> >
> > Hajdrihova 19****
> >
> > SI-1001 Ljubljana****
> >
> > ****
> >
> > Tel.: (01) 47 60 239****
> >
> > (01) 47 60 200****
> >
> > Fax: (01) 47 60 300****
> >
> > ****
> >
> > ****
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Digestion mailing list
> >
> > to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
> > Digestion at bioenergylists.org
> >
> > to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
> >
> >
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
> >
> > for more information about digestion, see
> > Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> > http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> > and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> --
> ***
> Dr. A.D. Karve
> President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)
>
> *Please change my email address in your records to: adkarve at gmail.com *
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 10
> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 08:58:31 -0700 (PDT)
> From: Douglas Renk <douglasrenk at yahoo.com>
> To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestate as fertilizer.
> Message-ID:
> <1309363111.29679.YahooMailClassic at web120204.mail.ne1.yahoo.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Hello "Gordon" :)
> ?
> I'm curious to see Peter's response to your question.
> ?
> Over and above the nutritional value of the digestate versus cost of
> separation and application, let's hope health and productivity of soil as a
> natural resource converts to monetary value. Soil's ability to sequester
> carbon is an ecological service that has been monetized.
> ?
> http://www.scribd.com/doc/49240018/lbfb-en?
> ?
> I think as agricultural or bioprocess engineers, we are by nature,
> conditioned to think circularly. Therefore the total cost of an agricultural
> model should include all costs (which should include preservation of land,
> fertility?and resources)?to?function as closely to a successful market model
> as possible.
>
> ?
> All the best,
> Doug Renk
>
> --- On Wed, 6/29/11, Randy Mott <randymott at ceeres.eu> wrote:
>
>
> From: Randy Mott <randymott at ceeres.eu>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestate as fertilizer.
> To: "'For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion'" <
> digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Date: Wednesday, June 29, 2011, 2:05 AM
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Okay. My nickname is the Gordon Gecko of biogas: cost per ton? Value of
> separate constituents per ton?
> ?
> Randy Mott
> CEERES
> ?
>
>
> From: digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:
> digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On Behalf Of Peter Allison
> Sent: Wednesday, June 29, 2011 4:31 AM
> To: digestion
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Digestate as fertilizer.
> ?
>
> Hi All,
>
> With regard to utilizing digestate as a crop fertilizer, it is often stated
> the slurry is spread on fields with the inherent problem of biological
> toxicity and crusting of surface applications.
>
> I believe this process is an incomplete and basically a cheap and nasty
> means of disposing a potentially valuable resource.
>
> The addition of a 1.5% potassium hydroxide solution of? to the spent
> digestate enables a disassociation of the solid fraction from the colloidal
> material. When the un-reacted and?fibrous remains are filtered from the
> treated mix and the resultant fluid is?allowed to settle, colloidal
> concentrate or fulvic acid?will be found in the top fraction, humic acid in
> the lower portion and carbon rich nutrient at the bottom.
>
> The increased pH also enables a stabilization of biological activity within
> the fluids?until dilution with water.
>
> These fractions are the most valuable components of the AD process. The
> bio-gas is a bonus.
>
> The fulvic acid is a supreme foliar fertilizer, the humic acid is best
> suited to soil applications and the carbon mud is an excellent binder for a
> wide range of solid crop fertilizer inclusions such as rock-dust, blood and
> bone, etc, before pelletizing for broadcast operations.
>
> We are desperately looking for sustainable solutions to chemical based crop
> fertilizers. Most agriculturalists are aware of the folly of NPK reliance.
>
> AD, like the?composting of organic waste materials provides all of the
> nutritional requirements?for?every form of?plant-life.
>
> Recycling of crop nutrients via AD has the ability to negate the
> detrimental effects of chemical agriculture, repair degraded soils, help
> resolve salinity problems, increase nutritional food values of crops,
> increase soil moisture holding capacity?and put an end to the contamination
> of precious waterways.?
>
> Simply dumping spent digestate on fields is a lazy and mindless means?for
> disposal.
>
> Don't waste waste.
>
> Regards,
>
> Peter.??
> -----Inline Attachment Follows-----
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Digestion mailing list
>
> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
> Digestion at bioenergylists.org
>
> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
>
> for more information about digestion, see
> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
>
> -------------- next part --------------
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> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20110629/04a3e141/attachment-0001.html
> >
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 11
> Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2011 21:55:08 +0530
> From: Murali Krishna <bmkrishna6 at gmail.com>
> To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion
> <digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org>
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Fwd: The biology of biogas production
> Message-ID: <BANLkTimK=jpAkgRjbfxa+HJbdpnncQV2RA at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-2"
>
> Good day Paul,
>
> CO2 is isolated and streamed into a separate chamber. Carbonic Anhydrase
> enzymes are used to isolate CO2 from the digester. Carbonic anhydrase,
> rapidly converts carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. Thus CO2 is efficiently
> removed from the solution in the digester. The product of this reaction,
> bicarbonate, can then be reacted with sodium to form NaHCO2, baking soda.
> By this process CO2 emission into atomosphere is reduced substantially and
> there is more space in the digester. There is a patent on this.
>
> The isolated CO2 after modifications is sent back into the digester and
> Methane is generated. (This second part I need to yet confirm). I shall
> come back to you soon on this.
>
> Krishna
>
>
>
> 2011/6/29 Anand Karve <adkarve at gmail.com>
>
> > Dear Paul,
> > The text book opinion is that methanogens are hel.ped by a large number
> of
> > other bacteria in the process of methanogenesis. Some time ago I had
> posed a
> > question to Gasan that if there are so many different organisms involved
> in
> > this process, why we did not get a lot more carbon dioxide in our biogas
> > than the 40% that everybody reports. He wrote that the organisms that
> > associated themselves with the methanogens used the carbon dioxide as the
> > source of carbon. Gasan may elaborate this point.
> > Yours
> > A.D.Karve
> >
> >
> > 2011/6/29 Paul Harris <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
> >
> >> G'day A.D. Karve et al,****
> >>
> >> ** **
> >>
> >> This post from a while back prompted an interesting thought - if you are
> >> right we may be able to acclimate a digester to using just CO2 as the
> carbon
> >> source, so we could convert CO2 back to methane and solve both CO2
> emissions
> >> and "peak oil".****
> >>
> >> ** **
> >>
> >> The quality ratio of CH4 to CO2 does vary a bit, sometimes being less
> than
> >> 50% methane and sometimes claims of over 90% methane, but David Fulford
> has
> >> shown that sugar and starch give 50% methane so any improvement is due
> to
> >> some methanogens using CO2 produced earlier in the sequence and H+ from
> >> water and acids to make CH4 and H2O.****
> >>
> >> ** **
> >>
> >> Happy digesting,****
> >>
> >> HOOROO****
> >>
> >> ** **
> >>
> >> Mr. Paul Harris, Room 202 Charles Hawker Building, Faculty of Sciences,
> >> The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Ph
> >> : +61 8 8303 7880 Fax : +61 8 8303 4386
> >> mailto:paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au <paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au>
> >> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/paul.harris****
> >>
> >> ** **
> >>
> >> CRICOS Provider Number 00123M****
> >>
> >> This email message is intended only for the addressee(s) and contains
> >> information that may be confidential and/or copyright. If you are not
> the
> >> intended recipient please notify the sender by reply email and
> immediately
> >> delete this email. Use, disclosure or reproduction of this email by
> anyone
> >> other than the intended recipient(s) is strictly prohibited. No
> >> representation is made that this email or any attachments are free of
> >> viruses. Virus scanning is recommended and is the responsibility of the
> >> recipient.****
> >>
> >> ** **
> >>
> >> *From:* digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:
> >> digestion-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] *On Behalf Of *Anand Karve
> >>
> >> *Sent:* Thursday, 2 June 2011 12:50 PM
> >> *To:* digestion at lists.bioenergylists.org
> >> *Subject:* [Digestion] Fwd: The biology of biogas production****
> >>
> >> ** **
> >>
> >> ** **
> >>
> >> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> >> From: *Anand Karve* <adkarve at gmail.com>
> >> Date: 2011/6/2
> >> Subject: Re: [Digestion] The biology of biogas production
> >> To: Gasan Osojnik <gasan.osojnik at gmail.com>
> >>
> >> ****
> >>
> >> Dear List,****
> >>
> >> Irrespective of the substrate, design of the system or the temperature
> of
> >> the reaction, the proportion of methane to carbon dioxide in the
> >> biogas seems to be constant all over the world. Is there an
> >> equilibrium between these two gases that keeps this proportion constant?
> >> Because in that case, one might introduce carbon dioxide from outside
> into
> >> the biogas plant and see if the organisms in the digester produce more
> >> methane to reach the euilibrium constant. I shall be grateful to get
> your
> >> reaction on this. ****
> >>
> >> Yours****
> >>
> >> A.D.Karve ****
> >>
> >> 2011/3/22 Gasan Osojnik <gasan.osojnik at gmail.com>****
> >>
> >> Hi Mohamed,
> >>
> >> The general (though I am sure there will be other interpretations)
> >> mechanism of biogas formation is 4-step and involves:
> >> 1. Hydrolysis (degradation of polymers)
> >> 2. Acidogenesis (the formation of volatile fatty acids - low molecular
> >> carboxylic acids)
> >> 3. Acetogenesis (the formation of acetate, CO2 and H2)
> >> 4. Methanogenesis (from acetete -> CO2 and CH4 is formed, from CO2 and
> H2
> >> -> CH4 is formed, methanogenesis from acetate and CO2+H2 has to run
> >> simultaneously for the proces to be stable)
> >>
> >> The last step is the reason why there will be always some CO2 in biogas.
> >> Each of this steps is carried out by different groups of microorganisms.
> >>
> >> So the initial biochemical sources of biogas are carbohydrates,
> proteins,
> >> fats etc. In the long run, any substance that can be converted
> >> intermediately either to dissolved CO2 and H2 or to acetate is
> appropriate
> >> for biogas production.
> >>
> >> BR from Slovenia, Gasan****
> >>
> >> ****
> >>
> >> *Ilja Gasan OSOJNIK ?RNIVEC, *L05 - Laboratory for Environmental
> Sciences
> >> and Engineering ****
> >>
> >> ****
> >>
> >> [image: KI+letokemije.jpg]****
> >>
> >> ****
> >>
> >> National Institute of Chemistry****
> >>
> >> Hajdrihova 19****
> >>
> >> SI-1001 Ljubljana****
> >>
> >> ****
> >>
> >> Tel.: (01) 47 60 239****
> >>
> >> (01) 47 60 200****
> >>
> >> Fax: (01) 47 60 300****
> >>
> >> ****
> >>
> >> ****
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Digestion mailing list
> >>
> >> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
> >> Digestion at bioenergylists.org
> >>
> >> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
> >>
> >>
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
> >>
> >> for more information about digestion, see
> >> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> >> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> >> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >
> >
> > --
> > ***
> > Dr. A.D. Karve
> > President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)
> >
> > *Please change my email address in your records to: adkarve at gmail.com *
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Digestion mailing list
> >
> > to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
> > Digestion at bioenergylists.org
> >
> > to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
> >
> >
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
> >
> > for more information about digestion, see
> > Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> > http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> > and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
> >
> >
> >
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> Digestion mailing list
>
> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
> Digestion at bioenergylists.org
>
> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org
>
> for more information about digestion, see
> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
>
>
>
> End of Digestion Digest, Vol 10, Issue 24
> *****************************************
>
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