[Stoves] Thai Bucket Stove

[Nikhil Desai]

Ron:

I am cc'ing Elisa Derby if she can track down a pdf of the Rwanda document
on the web or distribute it to us. I couldn't find it on USAID or Winrock
website. It is indeed a good report, from around the time I last went to
Rwanda and was hounded out.

I wonder where the GEF report got the number 9 kg wood per kg of charcoal.
Might have been me from some hearsay; don't take it seriously and don't
worry about the gorillas. Rwanda government is making enough money from
gorilla tourism and poverty tourism to protect the forests.

Until Robert van der Plas did a biomass energy strategy (BEST) report circa
2006 for EUEI, I had no information on what was going on in
charcoal-making. There was a factory on the then-outskirts of Kigali whose
charcoal use was banned, otherwise wood use in tea factories faced no
problem of supply.

If I remember correctly, Robert's report to the World Bank in 2004 (which
apparently didn't get to GEF) took the view that charcoal was sustainably
supplied from private trees. Waste from forest cutting during the
non-genocide killings of 1994 might have had lower efficiency of
charcoaling, and no doubt land clearance for agriculture and
infrastructure, real estate also played some part in forest loss.

Charcoal is not a depleting resource. Period. What makes people grow trees
for charcoal should have been reported on by Robert's paper with Doug
Barnes, Keith Openshaw and Kirk Smith after their 1994 paper, but evidently
they did not care about sustainable growth of biomass.

I was glad to see that unlike secretive operations like UNF, Winrock
publishes a detailed annual report
<https://www.winrock.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20171024-WI-Annual-Report-2016.pdf>.
As expected, Winrock is basically a USAID contractor. I don't know how much
of Winrock stoves work is funded by USAID vs. USEPA. In recent activities,
it is USEPA behind cookstove design
<https://www.winrock.org/project/improving-cookstove-design-around-the-world/>
whereas
USAID behind consumer research on cooking
<https://www.winrock.org/project/advancing-clean-cooking-through-consumer-research/>
, cookstove distribution
<https://www.winrock.org/document/advanced-biomass-cookstove-distribution/>,
and use <http://www.ghspjournal.org/content/ghsp/2/3/268.full.pdf>. You
might like the September 2017 report on distribution.

Crispin is evidently wrong that USAID stopped doing stoves work. It seems
USAID just doesn't bother with EPA/WHO rigmarole.

Nikhil



On Mon, Dec 4, 2017 at 3:50 PM, Ronal W. Larson <rongretlarson at comcast.net>
wrote:

> Nikhil et al:  (Adding Paul)
>
> 1.  Looks like a good report.  I wish I had time to do more than skim.
> Winrock has a long history with stoves.  We are very fortunate that they
> remain involved with GACC and EPA.
>
> 2.  The most interesting paragraph for me was this at the beginning (p25)
> of Annex 1, noting the factor of 9 (*nine!*) in the efficient use of a
> diminishing resource.   (Sorry that I had to use a screen shot, as the
> publishers prohibited a simple copy)
>
>
>
> 3.  The charcoal stoves are reported to have an efficiency of about 1/3.
> But (including the energy density differences of 18 and 30 MJ/kg), the real
> efficiency expressed by this factor of 9 is about 5 or 6 %!
>
> 4.   5 or 6 % is unacceptable everywhere but especially in Rwanda.  See
> what pops up (Gorilla deaths in first place) when you google for “charcoal
> legality Rwanda”.  The outlawing of charcoal occurred in 2004 - before this
> report.
>
> 5.  Rwanda (and other countries) could help itself by saying that sale of
> charcoal needed proof (when and where) that there had been productive use
> of the pyrolysis gases.  Costs should also go down - not up.  Employment
> should go up as wood is prepared.
>
>   Ron
>
>
> On Dec 4, 2017, at 10:37 AM, Nikhil Desai <pienergy2008 at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Crispin, Tom:
>
> If ITDG was involved, Stephen Joseph and possibly Ray Holland may
> remember.
>
> I found an impressive Winrock report for USAID - IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR
> INCREASING THE ADOPTION AND USE OF EFFICIENTCHARCOAL COOKSTOVES IN URBAN
> ANDPERI-URBAN KIGALI
> <https://www.scribd.com/document/54889270/Implementation-Plan-for-Increasing-the-Adoption-and-Use-of-Efficient-Charcoal-Cookstoves-in-Urban-and-Peri-Urban-Kigali> (Winrock
> for USAID 2007).
>
> It states, "In the late 1980s CARE helped a Rwandan entrepreneur to
> produce and market the KCJ under the local name canamaké. CARE only
> promoted the stove for about a year in Rwanda. After the CAREproject ended,
> the Rwanda entrepreneur continued production of the canamaké stove (ESMAP,
> 1991)."
>
> This comports with my memory from what Robert told me while wandering in
> Kigali market in 2004. I think he started the reported ESMAP activity in
> Kigali but stopped in 1994 after the genocide until we went together in
> 2004. I became a target of Kagame's internal security and intelligence
> apparatus, but Robert continued and produced some other reports, including
> some mentioned in this Winrock report that also has some history of stove
> projects at the end.
>
> I will try to locate the writer of this report.
>
> Nikhil
>
>
>
>
> On Sun, Dec 3, 2017 at 5:04 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <
> crispinpigott at outlook.com> wrote:
>
>> Thanks, Tom for the great additions.
>>
>>
>>
>> In the early stage of the IKJ it was apparent that the ceramic component
>> was going to be the major hurdle. The acknowledgements page in the 1983
>> report by Maxwell Kinyanjui and Laurie Childers has this:
>>
>>
>>
>> <image001.png>
>>
>> That says there was an educational tour to Thailand.
>>
>>
>>
>> Hugh Allen was hired by ATI (Washington) but I am not clear if he started
>> with CARE or ended up with them. In his book “The Kenyan Ceramic Jiko – A
>> manual for stove makers” (IT Publications, 1991) he says the production
>> system present was developed between 1986-1988.   The book is contained in
>> the AT Microfiche Library from Volunteers in Asia. IT Publications, ATI and
>> CARE are credited for the book.
>>
>>
>>
>> I think Hugh was a ceramics engineer because he had studied ceramics
>> under the son of world famous Bernard Leach – the British Potter. Hugh told
>> me the reason he was contracted to work on the stove was the difficulty in
>> getting reliable results from the kilns: losses of something like 40% were
>> normal in the firing.
>>
>>
>>
>> He developed the low tech Jigger Jolly and forming tools, standardized
>> the hole pattern and gave comprehensive instructions about how to develop
>> the clay content and fire them. He introduced dome-topped kilns and spread
>> the production technology to the Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Togo, Malawi and
>> Rwanda. In short he “professionalized” the product, bringing firing losses
>> down to 3%. Later he led the same type of exercise with the Bielenberg
>> sunflower oil press which inspired me greatly.
>>
>>
>>
>> Footnote 2 reads:
>>
>> <image002.jpg>
>>
>> Regards
>>
>> Crispin
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
>
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