[Stoves] How to make smokeless coal?

Mon May 22 12:46:25 CDT 2017

> Greetings,

> carbonised coal 

Is carbonized coal preheated coal to above 450c without oxygen?

just wondering.

Frank

> On May 22, 2017, at 10:29 AM, Darpan Das <darpandasiitb at gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> Dear Mr Nikhil and All
> 
> According to Census 2011 data of India, almost 250 million people use solid fuel for cooking in India, out of which more than 3.5 million people use coal as their primary fuel for cooking.  
> 
> Coal as a fuel is usually used for cooking by slum dwellers in coal mining areas of India where it is available 'freely'. Ubiquitous use of coal based cook stoves contributes significantly to the ambient air pollution of these region. Similar air pollution problem exists for several other coal mining regions where similar cooking practices are prevalent.
> 
> Several studies report the use of carbonised coal as a smokeless fuel . Volatiles are an important contributor to the overall emissions in stoves, and when removed by pre-processing (carbonisation), are claimed to provide a “cleaner” fuel. Carbonisation of coal can be an immediate strategy that can be incorporated in regions where coal is used for cooking or heating purpose. Centralised facility of Coke oven batteries can be installed in such regions for carbonising coal and provide smokeless fuel to the target users.
> We are talking about region specific fuel and user practise which is difficult to replace with smokeless dung, smokeless wood, smokeless diesel or even LPG. Smokeless coal is the cheapest and the most immediate solution to the problem.
> 
> Thus 'smokeless coal'.
> 
> Regards
> 
> Darpan
> 
> 
> On Mon, May 22, 2017 at 1:14 PM, Nikhil Desai <pienergy2008 at gmail.com <mailto:pienergy2008 at gmail.com>> wrote:
> Could somebody please enlighten me on what the value of "smokeless coal" may be to whom?
> 
> Why not also pursue smokeless dung, smokeless wood, smokeless diesel?
> 
> Kirk Smith wouldn't bless any of them as "truly health protective" for household cooking.
> 
> Nikhil
> 
> 
> 
> Nikhil Desai
> +91 909 995 2080
> Skype: nikhildesai888
> 
> > On May 22, 2017, at 3:13 AM, Andrew Heggie <aj.heggie at gmail.com <mailto:aj.heggie at gmail.com>> wrote:
> >
> >> On 20 May 2017 at 19:33, Darpan Das <darpandasiitb at gmail.com <mailto:darpandasiitb at gmail.com>> wrote:
> >>
> >>
> >> 1) Is carbonisation of coal the major step to make it a smokeless fuel
> >
> > I'm no expert but my take is yes and more below.
> >>
> >>
> >> 2) Is pyrolysis/carbonisation/ devolatalisation the same thing?
> >
> > Yes
> >>
> >>
> >> 3) Are volatiles the main reason for emissions from coal cook stoves?
> >
> > Not being able to completely burn these volatiles in the time the
> > molecules remain in the flame leads to Particles of Incomplete
> > Combustion leaving the flame, these are a mixture of soot and
> > Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds.
> >>
> >>
> >> 4) How can i remove the volatiles?
> >
> > By heating up the coal in the absence of air
> >>
> >>
> >> 5) If I remove them then all the emissions will reduce?
> >
> > Perhaps but you will still have to burn the smokeless coal completely.
> > What will you do with the volatiles you have removed?
> >>
> >>
> >> 6) How do I decide at what temperature should I carbonise?
> >
> > The higher the temperature then nearer the coal will get to be coke.
> >>
> >>
> >> 7) Why is low temperature carbonisation of coal meant for domestic use and
> >> high temperature for metallurgical use?
> >
> > What do you mean by low temperature?
> >
> > The reason coke is made at a high temperature is so that it is nearly
> > pure carbon, domestic smokeless coal just needs the more volatile
> > substances removed but leaving higher tars in the coal to retain more
> > of the initial energy in the coal plus make it easier to light.
> >>
> >>
> >> 8) Is the size of the coal not important factor to be taken into
> >> consideration when carbonising the coal?
> >
> > I don't know
> >>
> >>
> >> 9) Why is coke for domestic purpose also called semi-coke?
> >
> > Because it is only part way to being coke as the pyrolysis is at a
> > lower temperature (typically 650centigrade rahter than 1100c when
> > making producer gas.
> >>
> >>
> >> 10) Coke obtained from Low temperature Carbonisation same as Semi Coke?
> >
> > Probably
> >>
> >>
> >> 11) What are the specification for quality assurance of the domestic coke
> >> products? Are there any standards?
> >
> > I would think there are bound to be but  I don't know them.
> >
> > There are similariiities between pyrolysis of coal and making charcoal
> > but the by products from coal are nastier.
> >
> > I suspect this is because the coal contains volatiles which are more
> > phenol (ring like carbon structures) like whereas wood has more chain
> > like structures and the lignin, which is phenol like structures are
> > not as complex so can burn out more completely without giving rise to
> > many PAHs, Also coal gives of amoniacal liquids and sulphur compounds.
> >
> > Andrew
> >
> >
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> >
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> 
> -- 
> Darpan Das
> Research Scholar
> IIT Bombay
> India
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Thanks

Frank
Frank Shields
Gabilan Laboratory
Keith Day Company, Inc.
1091 Madison Lane
Salinas, CA  93907
(831) 246-0417 cell
(831) 771-0126 office
fShields at keithdaycompany.com

franke at cruzio.com

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