[Stoves] How to make smokeless coal?

Mon May 22 12:53:31 CDT 2017

Dear Mr Frank

Carbonised coal is a broad term for coal heated under inert atmosphere, the
end product of which is called coke. The temperature is probably specific
to user needs and coal properties.

I have come across studies reporting heating of coal at 1000 C for
metallurgical applications and 600 C for domestic applications.

Regards
Darpan

On Mon, May 22, 2017 at 11:16 PM, Frank Shields <franke at cruzio.com> wrote:

> Greetings,
>
>
> *carbonised coal *
>
>
> Is carbonized coal preheated coal to above 450c without oxygen?
>
> just wondering.
>
> Frank
>
>
>
>
> On May 22, 2017, at 10:29 AM, Darpan Das <darpandasiitb at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Dear Mr Nikhil and All
>
> According to Census 2011 data of India, almost 250 million people use
> solid fuel for cooking in India, out of which more than *3.5 million
> people use coal as their primary fuel for cooking.  *
>
> Coal as a fuel is usually used for cooking by slum dwellers in coal mining
> areas of India where it is available *'freely'*. Ubiquitous use of coal
> based cook stoves contributes significantly to the ambient air pollution of
> these region. Similar air pollution problem exists for several other coal
> mining regions where similar cooking practices are prevalent.
>
> Several studies report the use of *carbonised coal as a smokeless fuel* .
> Volatiles are an important contributor to the overall emissions in stoves,
> and when removed by pre-processing (carbonisation), are claimed to provide
> a “cleaner” fuel. Carbonisation of coal can be an immediate strategy that
> can be incorporated in regions where coal is used for cooking or heating
> purpose. Centralised facility of Coke oven batteries can be installed in
> such regions for carbonising coal and provide smokeless fuel to the target
> users.
>
> We are talking about region specific fuel and user practise which is
> difficult to replace with smokeless dung, smokeless wood, smokeless
> diesel or even LPG. Smokeless coal is the cheapest and the most immediate
> solution to the problem.
>
> Thus 'smokeless coal'.
>
> Regards
>
> Darpan
>
> On Mon, May 22, 2017 at 1:14 PM, Nikhil Desai <pienergy2008 at gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
>> Could somebody please enlighten me on what the value of "smokeless coal"
>> may be to whom?
>>
>> Why not also pursue smokeless dung, smokeless wood, smokeless diesel?
>>
>> Kirk Smith wouldn't bless any of them as "truly health protective" for
>> household cooking.
>>
>> Nikhil
>>
>>
>>
>> Nikhil Desai
>> +91 909 995 2080
>> Skype: nikhildesai888
>>
>> > On May 22, 2017, at 3:13 AM, Andrew Heggie <aj.heggie at gmail.com> wrote:
>> >
>> >> On 20 May 2017 at 19:33, Darpan Das <darpandasiitb at gmail.com> wrote:
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> 1) Is carbonisation of coal the major step to make it a smokeless fuel
>> >
>> > I'm no expert but my take is yes and more below.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> 2) Is pyrolysis/carbonisation/ devolatalisation the same thing?
>> >
>> > Yes
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> 3) Are volatiles the main reason for emissions from coal cook stoves?
>> >
>> > Not being able to completely burn these volatiles in the time the
>> > molecules remain in the flame leads to Particles of Incomplete
>> > Combustion leaving the flame, these are a mixture of soot and
>> > Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> 4) How can i remove the volatiles?
>> >
>> > By heating up the coal in the absence of air
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> 5) If I remove them then all the emissions will reduce?
>> >
>> > Perhaps but you will still have to burn the smokeless coal completely.
>> > What will you do with the volatiles you have removed?
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> 6) How do I decide at what temperature should I carbonise?
>> >
>> > The higher the temperature then nearer the coal will get to be coke.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> 7) Why is low temperature carbonisation of coal meant for domestic use
>> and
>> >> high temperature for metallurgical use?
>> >
>> > What do you mean by low temperature?
>> >
>> > The reason coke is made at a high temperature is so that it is nearly
>> > pure carbon, domestic smokeless coal just needs the more volatile
>> > substances removed but leaving higher tars in the coal to retain more
>> > of the initial energy in the coal plus make it easier to light.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> 8) Is the size of the coal not important factor to be taken into
>> >> consideration when carbonising the coal?
>> >
>> > I don't know
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> 9) Why is coke for domestic purpose also called semi-coke?
>> >
>> > Because it is only part way to being coke as the pyrolysis is at a
>> > lower temperature (typically 650centigrade rahter than 1100c when
>> > making producer gas.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> 10) Coke obtained from Low temperature Carbonisation same as Semi Coke?
>> >
>> > Probably
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> 11) What are the specification for quality assurance of the domestic
>> coke
>> >> products? Are there any standards?
>> >
>> > I would think there are bound to be but  I don't know them.
>> >
>> > There are similariiities between pyrolysis of coal and making charcoal
>> > but the by products from coal are nastier.
>> >
>> > I suspect this is because the coal contains volatiles which are more
>> > phenol (ring like carbon structures) like whereas wood has more chain
>> > like structures and the lignin, which is phenol like structures are
>> > not as complex so can burn out more completely without giving rise to
>> > many PAHs, Also coal gives of amoniacal liquids and sulphur compounds.
>> >
>> > Andrew
>> >
>> >
>> > _______________________________________________
>> > Stoves mailing list
>> >
>> > to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
>> > stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>> >
>> > to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>> > http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_list
>> s.bioenergylists.org
>> >
>> > for more Biomass Cooking Stoves,  News and Information see our web site:
>> > http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/
>> >
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Stoves mailing list
>>
>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
>> stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>
>> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_list
>> s.bioenergylists.org
>>
>> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves,  News and Information see our web site:
>> http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/
>>
>>
>
>
> --
> Darpan Das
> Research Scholar
> IIT Bombay
> India
> _______________________________________________
> Stoves mailing list
>
> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
> stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>
> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_
> lists.bioenergylists.org
>
> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves,  News and Information see our web site:
> http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/
>
>
> Thanks
>
> Frank
> Frank Shields
> Gabilan Laboratory
> Keith Day Company, Inc.
> 1091 Madison Lane
> Salinas, CA  93907
> (831) 246-0417 cell
> (831) 771-0126 office
> fShields at keithdaycompany.com
>
>
>
> franke at cruzio.com
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Stoves mailing list
>
> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
> stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>
> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_
> lists.bioenergylists.org
>
> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves,  News and Information see our web site:
> http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/
>
>
>

-- 
Darpan Das
Research Scholar
IIT Bombay
India
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20170522/9966e8a7/attachment.html>