[Stoves] What do we know about kiln technology? Want to find out?/ Box-Kiln

Sun Jul 11 08:01:39 CDT 2021

Dear Tom and All

One of the remarkable sights north of Windhoek is where Agent Orange has been sprayed by crop duster aircraft on vast stretches of fields infested by thorn trees. The low odd thing was seeing the sharp delineation of alive/dead trees along a fence line - clearly the edge of someone's property.

Namibia was the last place on earth that it was legal to use Agent Orange, there being about 90 tons left in the world in 1990. It was used to kill the thorn trees. That was one way to get rid of them, but they simply died and will take ages to fall. They are pretty tough trees.

It is quite a bit easier to cut a live acacia than a dead one. Turning them into charcoal is easy enough. The challenge is to cut and gather the material.

One use I have not heard of is running an internal combustion engine on CO generated using a charcoal gasifier. This is such a simple technology it could be made locally anywhere.

It seems a bad or least inefficient idea to transport gasoline by truck from South Africa all the way to Oshakati to run a generator or a pump, while shipping charcoal by sea all the way to Europe.

Where shipping the charcoal out is difficult,  probably shipping diesel or gasoline in is just as difficult. Why then not develop a biomass-based solution? Fuels do not have to be liquid in order to by used in an engine.

The mismanagement of the Namibian grazing accidentally created, over time, millions of tons of woody biomass resources. It can be used in multiple innovative ways.

Regards
Crispin

From: scda2 at ymail.com
Sent: July 11, 2021 8:06 AM
To: stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
Reply to: scda2 at ymail.com; stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
Subject: Re: [Stoves] What do we know about kiln technology? Want to find out?/ Box-Kiln

I recently developed this Box-kiln (Kasten-Meiler) which works quite well. It supposed to replace the ring-kilns. The main advantage is that it can be operated by one person. In contrast, a ring-kiln needs several workers to place and lift the heavy lid.
More under http://www.biocoal.org<https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biocoal.org%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7Cf39397dea7fe4961f85308d944646099%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637616020178473817%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=%2FhPobJmSieYy6cy44yiHgAeDGrNsd%2BYDh41gDCSLe0E%3D&reserved=0>
This Box-Kiln has intellectual property protection in several countries.
Chris ADAM

[Inline image]
Box-Kiln built for giz in Ghana, Mai 2021

On Saturday, 10 July 2021, 21:21:16 CEST, tmiles at trmiles.com <tmiles at trmiles.com> wrote:

Teddy,

It has been great to see the formation and evolution of N-Big. Wood value chains and sensible landscape planning would  help.  It is good to see that some productive uses have evolved.

A practical use of invader bush were firelogs made by the Cheetah Conservation Fund (CCF  https://cheetah.org/<https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcheetah.org%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7Cf39397dea7fe4961f85308d944646099%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637616020178473817%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=VE4zkFbiN2%2FcDeu3AMp6bjmMeofODTekSZeEff2VcA4%3D&reserved=0> ) at a small facility in Otjiwarango which may no longer be in operation. In 2008 I was involved in the CBEND (Combating Bush Encroachment for Namibia’s Development) managed by the Desert Research Foundation and funded largely by GIZ. The intent was to create a source of local power from biomass that could be used to stimulate local economic activity. These projects seem to get built an then not have the infrastructure or economic demand to be sustainable, Detlof von Oertsen, who was involved in that project considered the potential to use invader bush for biochar. https://www.iisd.org/publications/rtea-namibia-sectoral-paper-biochar-namibia-opportunities-convert-bush-encroachment<https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iisd.org%2Fpublications%2Frtea-namibia-sectoral-paper-biochar-namibia-opportunities-convert-bush-encroachment&data=04%7C01%7C%7Cf39397dea7fe4961f85308d944646099%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637616020178483806%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=Nuj9dQVpf9glOf8kybIPDeq54ys4xZoFMycOAEaAijU%3D&reserved=0>

Bush kilns are used to make charcoal for export to Europe. Some companies are monitored by the Forest stewardship Council (FSC) in Namibia. A carbonizer would provide green charcoal and biochar which could be the nucleus for broader landscape treatment in an environmentally productive fashion. There have been some good proposals for invader bush in Namibia by organizations like the UN Land degradation Neutrality program.

Tom

From: Stoves <stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org> On Behalf Of Cookswell Jikos
Sent: Saturday, July 10, 2021 1:43 AM
To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
Subject: Re: [Stoves] What do we know about kiln technology? Want to find out?

Thanks Crispin - seems some people want to turn all that bush into pellets for German biomass power plants https://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/2021/bcbu-namibia-report/<https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biofuelwatch.org.uk%2F2021%2Fbcbu-namibia-report%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7Cf39397dea7fe4961f85308d944646099%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637616020178483806%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=3LNQ60h6UWsGfcAXgPIR7N9PjTtXqTtMVep5%2BvYdw5M%3D&reserved=0>

Interesting point on past cattle management causing current issues...I must say though - I do wish for the day Kenya had something as helpful as the Namibian Biomass Industry group https://www.n-big.org/<https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.n-big.org%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7Cf39397dea7fe4961f85308d944646099%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637616020178493799%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=v1ydt2MeQYA9G8Cr8ch9eZ3P6lSCVw6Jc7H0%2FE44wDw%3D&reserved=0> to help to lobby for more sensible woodfuel value chains in Kenya!

Best,

Teddy Kinyanjui

Sustainability Director

[https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-3YUMG1TTODQ/Wh6o8gWfRmI/AAAAAAAAAyw/1bp5qqpvmwQwg5JXqL7hz-OLGSx5nSEXgCK8BGAs/s512/TK%2BEmail%2BLogo.jpg]

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On Wed, Jun 30, 2021 at 10:27 PM Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <crispinpigott at outlook.com<mailto:crispinpigott at outlook.com>> wrote:

Thanks for that link Teddy.  That is a very interesting set of stories and links.

I like the effort to use invasive thorn trees as a charcoal input material.  There is a large problem with thornveld encroachment in SW Botswana and across the border in RSA. It is the result of inappropriate cattle management in the past.  What once was vast open grazing is now a vast thicket of thorns.  The problem has been arrested using holistic veld management measures, but the trees are now covering the space.

Turning them into high quality charcoal is a great idea, making enough money to pay for their removal.

Regards

Crispin

From: Stoves <stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org<mailto:stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org>> On Behalf Of Cookswell Jikos
Sent: Wednesday, June 30, 2021 6:16

Thanks Crispin - good to see the interest in kilns picking up recently....ICRAF also just released this https://www.facebook.com/EastAfricanBiomassEnergyPortal/posts/2933670366962132<https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FEastAfricanBiomassEnergyPortal%2Fposts%2F2933670366962132&data=04%7C01%7C%7Cf39397dea7fe4961f85308d944646099%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637616020178513789%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=rGis48lIBCEziSPKs1yCrD%2BvTKi1Y7whSEuqVRF8UwA%3D&reserved=0>  the other day and even have a mention of wood vinegar production!

Also

Best,

Teddy

Teddy Kinyanjui

Sustainability Director

[https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-3YUMG1TTODQ/Wh6o8gWfRmI/AAAAAAAAAyw/1bp5qqpvmwQwg5JXqL7hz-OLGSx5nSEXgCK8BGAs/s512/TK%2BEmail%2BLogo.jpg]

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On Wed, Jun 30, 2021 at 2:56 PM Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <crispinpigott at outlook.com<mailto:crispinpigott at outlook.com>> wrote:

FYI

Crispin

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