[Gasification] Try this better address for the article.
Greg David
earth1st at me.com
Fri Apr 11 11:24:53 CDT 2014
Hi,
Here is a link to a more detailed article about the Navy's new process.
http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/dr20140408-scale-model-wwiiera-plane-flies-with-fuel-from-the-sea
The article is pasted below.
I agree, the devil is in the details, and that the Laws of Thermodynamics cannot be sidestepped. There has to be energy added to make the processes work and by the time a thorough EROEI analysis is done, the energy costs to manufacture the fuel is greater than the energy it contains.
One advantage I could see is that they may be exploiting is the higher molecular energy content in the carbonate and bicarbonate. If that stored energy can be exploited they may improve the EROEI account.
Thx,
Greg
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EnergyScale model WWII-era plane flies with fuel from the sea
Published 8 April 2014
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U.S. Navy researchers demonstrated proof-of-concept of novel technologies developed for the recovery of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) from seawater and conversion to a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Fueled by a liquid hydrocarbon — a component of NRL’s novel gas-to-liquid (GTL) process which uses CO2 and H2 as feedstock — the research team demonstrated sustained flight of a radio-controlled (RC) P-51 replica of the legendary Red Tail Squadron, powered by an off-the-shelf (OTS) and unmodified two-stroke internal combustion engine.
Seawater-fueled being readied for flight test // Source: navy.mil
Navy researchers at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Materials Science and Technology Division, demonstrated proof-of-concept of novel NRL technologies developed for the recovery of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) from seawater and conversion to a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Fueled by a liquid hydrocarbon — a component of NRL’s novel gas-to-liquid (GTL) process which uses CO2 and H2 as feedstock — the research team demonstrated sustained flight of a radio-controlled (RC) P-51 replica of the legendary Red Tail Squadron, powered by an off-the-shelf (OTS) and unmodified two-stroke internal combustion engine.
An NRL release reports that using an innovative and proprietary NRL electrolytic cation exchange module (E-CEM), both dissolved and bound CO2 are removed from seawater at 92 percent efficiency
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EnergyScale model WWII-era plane flies with fuel from the sea
Published 8 April 2014
More Sharing ServicesShare | Share on email Share on facebook Share on twitter Share on linkedin
U.S. Navy researchers demonstrated proof-of-concept of novel technologies developed for the recovery of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) from seawater and conversion to a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Fueled by a liquid hydrocarbon — a component of NRL’s novel gas-to-liquid (GTL) process which uses CO2 and H2 as feedstock — the research team demonstrated sustained flight of a radio-controlled (RC) P-51 replica of the legendary Red Tail Squadron, powered by an off-the-shelf (OTS) and unmodified two-stroke internal combustion engine.
Seawater-fueled being readied for flight test // Source: navy.mil
Navy researchers at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Materials Science and Technology Division, demonstrated proof-of-concept of novel NRL technologies developed for the recovery of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) from seawater and conversion to a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Fueled by a liquid hydrocarbon — a component of NRL’s novel gas-to-liquid (GTL) process which uses CO2 and H2 as feedstock — the research team demonstrated sustained flight of a radio-controlled (RC) P-51 replica of the legendary Red Tail Squadron, powered by an off-the-shelf (OTS) and unmodified two-stroke internal combustion engine.
An NRL release reports that using an innovative and proprietary NRL electrolytic cation exchange module (E-CEM), both dissolved and bound CO2 are removed from seawater at 92 percent efficiency by re-equilibrating carbonate and bicarbonate to CO2 and simultaneously producing H2. The gases are then converted to liquid hydrocarbons by a metal catalyst in a reactor system.
“In close collaboration with the Office of Naval Research P38 Naval Reserve program, NRL has developed a game changing technology for extracting, simultaneously, CO2 and H2 from seawater,” said Dr. Heather Willauer, NRL research chemist. “This is the first time technology of this nature has been demonstrated with the potential for transition, from the laboratory, to full-scale commercial implementation.”
CO2 in the air and in seawater is an abundant carbon resource, but the concentration in the ocean (100 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) is about 140 times greater than that in air, and 1/3 the concentration of CO2 from a stack gas (296 mg/L). Two to three percent of the CO2 in seawater is dissolved CO2 gas in the form of carbonic acid, one percent is carbonate, and the remaining 96 to 97 percent is bound in bicarbonate.
NRL says it has made significant advances in the development of a gas-to-liquids (GTL) synthesis process to convert CO2 and H2 from seawater to a fuel-like fraction of C9-C16 molecules. In the first patented step, an iron-based catalyst has been developed that can achieve CO2 conversion levels up to 60 percent and decrease unwanted methane production in favor of longer-chain unsaturated hydrocarbons (olefins). These value-added hydrocarbons from this process serve as building blocks for the production of industrial chemicals and designer fuels.
In the second step these olefins can be converted to compounds of a higher molecular using controlled polymerization. The resulting liquid contains hydrocarbon molecules in the carbon range, C9-C16, suitable for use a possible renewable replacement for petroleum based jet fuel.
The predicted cost of jet fuel using these technologies is in the range of $3-$6 per gallon, and with sufficient funding and partnerships, this approach could be commercially viable within the next seven to ten years. Pursuing remote land-based options would be the first step towards a future sea-based solution.
The minimum modular carbon capture and fuel synthesis unit is envisioned to be scaled-up by the addition individual E-CEM modules and reactor tubes to meet fuel demands.
NRL operates a lab-scale fixed-bed catalytic reactor system and the outputs of this prototype unit have confirmed the presence of the required C9-C16 molecules in the liquid. This lab-scale system is the first step towards transitioning the NRL technology into commercial modular reactor units that may be scaled-up by increasing the length and number of reactors.
The process efficiencies and the capability to simultaneously produce large quantities of H2, and process the seawater without the need for additional chemicals or pollutants, has made these technologies far superior to previously developed and tested membrane and ion exchange technologies for recovery of CO2 from seawater or air. to CO2 and simultaneously producing H2. The gases are then converted to liquid hydrocarbons by a metal catalyst in a reactor system.
“In close collaboration with the Office of Naval Research P38 Naval Reserve program, NRL has developed a game changing technology for extracting, simultaneously, CO2 and H2 from seawater,” said Dr. Heather Willauer, NRL research chemist. “This is the first time technology of this nature has been demonstrated with the potential for transition, from the laboratory, to full-scale commercial implementation.”
CO2 in the air and in seawater is an abundant carbon resource, but the concentration in the ocean (100 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) is about 140 times greater than that in air, and 1/3 the concentration of CO2 from a stack gas (296 mg/L). Two to three percent of the CO2 in seawater is dissolved CO2 gas in the form of carbonic acid, one percent is carbonate, and the remaining 96 to 97 percent is bound in bicarbonate.
NRL says it has made significant advances in the development of a gas-to-liquids (GTL) synthesis process to convert CO2 and H2 from seawater to a fuel-like fraction of C9-C16 molecules. In the first patented step, an iron-based catalyst has been developed that can achieve CO2 conversion levels up to 60 percent and decrease unwanted methane production in favor of longer-chain unsaturated hydrocarbons (olefins). These value-added hydrocarbons from this process serve as building blocks for the production of industrial chemicals and designer fuels.
In the second step these olefins can be converted to compounds of a higher molecular using controlled polymerization. The resulting liquid contains hydrocarbon molecules in the carbon range, C9-C16, suitable for use a possible renewable replacement for petroleum based jet fuel.
The predicted cost of jet fuel using these technologies is in the range of $3-$6 per gallon, and with sufficient funding and partnerships, this approach could be commercially viable within the next seven to ten years. Pursuing remote land-based options would be the first step towards a future sea-based solution.
The minimum modular carbon capture and fuel synthesis unit is envisioned to be scaled-up by the addition individual E-CEM modules and reactor tubes to meet fuel demands.
NRL operates a lab-scale fixed-bed catalytic reactor system and the outputs of this prototype unit have confirmed the presence of the required C9-C16 molecules in the liquid. This lab-scale system is the first step towards transitioning the NRL technology into commercial modular reactor units that may be scaled-up by increasing the length and number of reactors.
The process efficiencies and the capability to simultaneously produce large quantities of H2, and process the seawater without the need for additional chemicals or pollutants, has made these technologies far superior to previously developed and tested membrane and ion exchange technologies for recovery of CO2 from seawater or air.
On Apr 11, 2014, at 6:42 AM, bayent at ns.sympatico.ca wrote:
> The devil in the details!
> ;)
> ---- Kevin <kchisholm at ca.inter.net> wrote:
>> Dear DoDuc, Stephen, and Dan D
>>
>> #The Patent Number would seem to be:
>>
>> We also note, that, in at least one of our prior reports, the one concerning "US Patent 8,435,457 - Synthesis of Hydrocarbons Via Catalytic Reduction of CO2" specifically, we made an error in the transcription of patent numbers in our excerpts, which sadly might have contributed to confusion on the part of those interested enough to search the available electronic records themselves.
>>
>> # This is no big deal... simply degas seawater to recover the CO2 dissolved in it, perhaps with assistance of a bit of acid to break up carbonates. To get hydrogen, simply electrolyze the water. Once they have the CO2, they simply add more energy to break it up into CO. Then they can make Synthesis Gas, and then they can make hydrocarbon fuels.
>>
>> # They don't say where they get the energy to electrolyze the water. That is "the Elephant in the Room" that they don't address. :-) The original article is highly misleading, and seems to suggest that the Navy can simply take seawater and run its ships from it, to meet its energy requirements.
>>
>> Kevin
>>
>>
>> ----- Original Message -----
>> From: Tuong DoDuc
>> To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification
>> Sent: Friday, April 11, 2014 12:41 AM
>> Subject: Re: [Gasification] Try this better address for the article.
>>
>>
>> I agree with Stephen.
>> The critical part (energy wise) is energy to produce H2, which as stated, should come from either nuclear or any other non-fossil-fuels like wind, solar...
>> The second part, as I understood, is the synthesis of H2 and CO2 under the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.
>> Part 1 is often hided to the public as they would like to emphasize their contribution in Part 2, as well as to please the tax-payers that they are doing great thing.
>> More scientific background can be found here with some evidence of the Navy's Patents:
>> http://www.wvcoal.com/research-development/us-navy-harvests-co2-from-seawater-for-hydrocarbon-synthesis.html
>>
>>
>>
>> Few cents from my side.
>> D.D.Tuong
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Fri, Apr 11, 2014 at 8:55 AM, <sabbadess at aol.com> wrote:
>>
>> Dan,
>>
>> There is a huge amount of energy in a gallon of jet fuel. The only power source remotely big enough is the ship's nuclear reactor.
>>
>> Stephen Abbadessa
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Carefreeland <Carefreeland at aol.com>
>> To: gasification <gasification at bioenergylists.org>
>> Cc: wastewatts <wastewatts at yahoogroups.com>
>> Sent: Thu, Apr 10, 2014 9:51 pm
>> Subject: [Gasification] Try this better address for the article.
>>
>>
>> Article didn't copy right first time Try this.
>>
>>
>> http://www.ibtimes.com/goodbye-oil-us-navy-cracks-new-renewable-energy-technology-turn-seawater-fuel-allowing-1568455
>>
>>
>> Where does the energy come from the crack the seawater? Anyone? Anyone?
>>
>> Dan Dimiduk
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