[Stoves] Edited version of comment from CECook Stoves Digest, Vol 31, Issue 1 Topic 2

Anand Karve adkarve at gmail.com
Sun Mar 3 21:05:15 CST 2013


Dear Prof. Cook,
 I am an agricultural scientist. When we conduct field trials or
collect field data for drawing conclusions, we work at an error
probability level of 5%. Most of the variables in an agricultural
situation are beyond the control of the experimenter, and yet an
uncertainty level of only 5% is acceptable. Drawing conclusions
having uncertainty level of 90% is rediculous. I was curious about the
veracity of 90% uncertainty mentioned by you. But when I clicked on
the source sited  by you, I found that I could not access it.
Yours
A.D.Karve

On Sun, Mar 3, 2013 at 2:56 PM, Cecil Cook <cec1863 at gmail.com> wrote:
> Dear stove scientists and climatologists,
>
>
>
> I accessed this article in its pre-publication form at no cost from the
> following URL
>
>
>
> <ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/krsmith/publications/.../lam_est_2012.pd.>
>
>
>
> The article is hard going for me, let's say a bit opaque, as a person who
> last studied physics in high school.
>
>
>
> I am once again reminded of the risks of doing 'hard' science where there
> are so many unknowns and so many assumptions have to be made by researchers
> to construct a model about the relationship between the black carbon emitted
> by the wicks of illuminating lamps and something as gigantic as the average
> temperature balance of the planet.
>
>
>
> Unlike the cultural and social sciences (I am an anthropologist), where
> informants can and eventually do talk back and rebuke researchers when they
> stray too far off course and begin making ridiculous claims about the
> culturally and socially constructed worlds that particular informants are
> reputed to inhabit, Black Carbon does not have its own consciousness and
> voice.  Therefore BC cannot censure errant climatologists when they deviate
> too much from reality in their efforts - as researchers – to  understand the
> role of BC in the climate system .... so it is indeed possible for honest
> researchers to fall victim to their own mad hatter assumptions about a
> devilish complex planetary climate system.
>
>
>
> Unfortunately, the climate system does not have consciousness, agency and
> voice in spite of what Kirkpatrick Sale says about Gaia.  The climate
> scientists presume to speaks for Gaia.  When they succumbs to the temptation
> of playing science politics with the world climate system they run the risk
> of losing their way in the forest of their self created symbolic
> representations of the how the planet's energy balances are maintained, and
> how such a 'fragile' system is possibly threatened by the careless actions
> of humans who create too much BC to light up the night.
>
>
>
> We know what a world of trouble Michael Mann, Lord Stern and their
> colleagues have gotten themselves into by hyper-interpreting their climate
> data.  In the end their assumptions overpowered their common sense and their
> data.  They permitted climate politics to contaminate climate science.
> Gratuitous and still unproved assumptions were inserted into climate science
> about the causal mechanisms by which us ‘anthropods’ are destabilizing and
> forcing the climate of the planet toward a hotter equilibrium.  Hotter than
> what? Hotter than the climate present we have known for the last hundred
> years?
>
>
>
> I see there are 90% uncertainty ranges for all of the figures used in this
> article.  I do not feel very confident with such a big range of variation.
> How would climatologists like it if I predicted that +/- 50% of a particular
> stove using group – after demonstration of the superior performance of an
> improved or advanced cookstove - can be expected to purchase such a stove
> within the next 12 months with +/- 90% uncertainty.  If there were 1 million
> households in this group, that statistic indicates that 500 000 households
> can be expected to buy the better stove on offer with a range of variation
> around this figure of a (+) high of 950 000 households and a low (-) of a
> low of 50 000 households.
>
>
>
> Maybe I have misunderstood what 90% uncertainty bounds mean.  Have I?  I do
> not know the usefulness of numbers that vary from 50 000 households and 950
> 000 households.  That is not much of a prediction in my part of the
> scientific enterprise. What is being measured? Whose uncertainty is at issue
> here?  Is it a measure of the ambiguity of the researcher or the methods
> used for measuring BC and its forcing effects, or what?
>
>
>
> Lastly, I would like a climatologist who is well informed about the role of
> BC to explain why there is not more BC over South Africa.  Is it possible to
> differentiate the signals of BC from illuminating kerosene from the BC
> signals emitted from the much greater combustion of kerosene in 'Panda'
> stoves and space heaters which have round wicks that are about 30 cm in
> circumference and burn kerosene at a rate of 1 liter a day for cooking and
> space heating during the cold months (or up to 30 liters a month at $1.20 a
> day or $36 a month).  The use of these Panda heaters, although outlawed by
> the SA Bureau of Standards, is still prevalent because the stoves are so
> cheap (under $10) and they can space heat and cook at the same time.  The
> collection of firewood has become a class indicator so women in most
> townships do not like being seen carrying head loads of firewood.
>
>
>
> I would estimate there are 10 to 15 million kerosene stoves in the townships
> and villages of SA each of which uses a minimum of 30 liters of kerosene a
> month during the winter and perhaps 15 liters a month during the summer
> months for cooking.  Should not the burning of 30 litres a month X  - let’s
> be  conservative here and say  - 7 500 000 kerosene burning stoves in South
> Africa (=) or some 225 000 000 litres a month of kerosene a month in South
> Africa produce a significant Black Carbon signal in the atmosphere over our
> fair country?  I don’t see it on the map of BC forcing?  Should it not be
> there or are other household uses of kerosene being excluded from the map?
>
>
>
> This is not my field so I am ignorant enough not to be embarrassed by my
> ignorance.
>
>
>
> In search of answers,
>
>
>
> Cecil Cook
>
> Sundance Farm
>
> South Africa
>
>
>
>
>> On Sun, Mar 3, 2013 at 12:09 AM, Dean Still <deankstill at gmail.com> wrote:
>>>
>>> Hi Otto,
>>>
>>> Yes, I'll be in Cambodia.
>>>
>>> I think that informing users of kerosene lamps how they can get rid of
>>> the soot could be helpful just as making other options available is a great
>>> idea.
>>>
>>> Best,
>>>
>>> Dean
>>>
>>>
>>> On Sat, Mar 2, 2013 at 11:39 AM, Otto Formo <terra-matricula at hotmail.com>
>>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Dear Dean and Crispin,
>>>>
>>>> But you need to buy Kerosene, which costs close to two US $ per litre in
>>>> Zambia, and are still fossil fuel.
>>>>
>>>> We prefer waste biomass as fuel, for free and available everywhere.
>>>>
>>>> Will you be attending the conference in Cambodia?
>>>>
>>>> Otto
>>>>
>>>> ________________________________
>>>> Date: Sat, 2 Mar 2013 10:37:04 -0800om: deankstill at gmail.com
>>>> To: stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>>> Subject: Re: [Stoves] Stoves Digest, Vol 31, Issue 1 Topic 2
>>>>
>>>> http://www.aprovecho.org/lab/pubs/video-gallery
>>>>
>>>> Hi Crispin,
>>>>
>>>> I agree that blaming kerosene instead of the lamp for making soot misses
>>>> the opportunity to fix the problem not by switching fuels but by just fixing
>>>> the lamp. Kelley Grabow and Ed Wilson did dome preliminary investigation
>>>> shown in a video above that seemed to indicate that fixing the lamp might be
>>>> pretty simple.
>>>>
>>>> Best,
>>>>
>>>> Dean
>>>>
>>>> On Fri, Mar 1, 2013 at 10:51 PM, Geoff Thomas <wind at iig.com.au> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Hi Crispin that link required some un-related password to do with
>>>> Microsoft.
>>>> >
>>>> > <https://mail.chemonics.net/exchange/emdelate/Drafts/RE:%20[Stoves]%20Gas%20Bottle%20TLUDs.EML/1_multipart/image001.jpg>
>>>> No way it could be viewed.
>>>> Cheers,
>>>> Geoff.
>>>>
>>>> On 02/03/2013, at 6:00 AM, stoves-request at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> > Send Stoves mailing list submissions to
>>>> >       stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>>> >
>>>> > To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
>>>> >
>>>> > http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org
>>>> >
>>>> > or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
>>>> >       stoves-request at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>>> >
>>>> > You can reach the person managing the list at
>>>> >       stoves-owner at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>>> >
>>>> > When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
>>>> > than "Re: Contents of Stoves digest..."
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > Today's Topics:
>>>> >
>>>> >   1. Re: Skoll article on HAP research (Crispin Pemberton-Pigott)
>>>> >   2. Re: Gas Bottle TLUDs (Elisha Moore-Delate)
>>>> >   3. Re: [biochar] Re:  ~Stoves and STEM education~ (Erin Rasmussen)
>>>> >   4. Re: Skoll article on HAP research (nari phaltan)
>>>> >   5. Fwd: Re: [Sfpnotices] Green Energy Solves Dual Crises of
>>>> >      Poverty and Climate (Lloyd Helferty)
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> >
>>>> > Message: 1
>>>> > Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 15:07:23 -0500
>>>> > From: "Crispin Pemberton-Pigott" <crispinpigott at gmail.com>
>>>> > To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'"
>>>> >       <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] Skoll article on HAP research
>>>> > Message-ID: <00ce01ce15ef$3a1b7c90$ae5275b0$@gmail.com>
>>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>>>> >
>>>> > Dear Christina
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > Thanks for the pointer.
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > For the benefit of readers I would like to raise one point about the
>>>> > emissions and the fuel.
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > ?Getting Good Data Could be Easy
>>>> >
>>>> > ?If solid fuel cook stoves and kerosene lanterns are used in the same
>>>> > households, then getting the answers we need may be straightforward and low
>>>> > cost. While in the field, mothers being surveyed about their use of solid
>>>> > fuel cook stoves could also be asked a few questions about their use of
>>>> > kerosene for lighting. Some additional field observations could be recorded.
>>>> > Existing resources allocated to studies planned for cook stoves research
>>>> > could be very easily leveraged to quickly and inexpensively begin to build a
>>>> > body of knowledge about the effects of kerosene lighting.?
>>>> >
>>>> > The article also says that ?A recent Environmental Science and
>>>> > Technology <mailto:http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es302697h>  article
>>>> > reports that as much as 10% of kerosene smoke is pure black carbon (soot) ?
>>>> > 20 times higher than previous studies had found.?
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > The black carbon content of kerosene smoke is highly variable. It
>>>> > depends on what lantern is used and the power setting. The article speaks as
>>>> > if the emissions are created by the fuel and that worries me. This is an old
>>>> > fashioned view. It is like saying that ?wood is a smoky fuel?. It depends on
>>>> > the stove that is burning the wood, and how, doesn?t it? There is no doubt
>>>> > that one lantern may create 20 times as much black carbon particles as
>>>> > another lantern, but this tells us nothing about the fuel, it tells us about
>>>> > the lanterns.
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > One alternative to a smoky kerosene lantern is a clean burning
>>>> > kerosene lantern.
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > Regards
>>>> >
>>>> > Crispin
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > From: Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces at lists.bioenergylists.org] On
>>>> > Behalf Of Christina Espinosa
>>>> > Sent: Thursday, February 28, 2013 12:50 PM
>>>> > To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves
>>>> > Subject: [Stoves] Skoll article on HAP research
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > Here is an article about stoves and kerosene you all might find of
>>>> > interest:
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > https://skollworldforum.org/2013/02/27/where-theres-smoke-theres-fire-a-call-to-action-for-better-indoor-air-pollution-research/
>>>> >
>>>> > -------------- next part --------------
>>>> > An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
>>>> > URL:
>>>> > <http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20130228/b6a88fd2/attachment-0001.html>
>>>> >
>>>> > ------------------------------
>>>> >
>>>> > Message: 2
>>>> > Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 15:26:20 -0500
>>>> > From: "Elisha Moore-Delate" <emdelate at chemonics.com>
>>>> > To: "Discussion of biomass cooking stoves"
>>>> >       <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] Gas Bottle TLUDs
>>>> > Message-ID:
>>>> >
>>>> > <CFC22A81DD304945BC918EA8680159BD3F27B8 at CHQ-EMAIL-BE3.chemonics.net>
>>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>>>> >
>>>> > Thanks Crispin. Appreciate the lovely photos and info.
>>>> >
>>>> > ________________________________
>>>> >
>>>> > From: Stoves on behalf of Crispin Pemberton-Pigott
>>>> > Sent: Tue 2/26/2013 11:26 PM
>>>> > To: 'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'
>>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] Gas Bottle TLUDs
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > Dear Elisha
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > What a great idea - so many harmonies.  In Mozambique old gas bottles
>>>> > are widely used as charcoal cooking pots, cut lengthwise from tip to bottom,
>>>> > after the valve has been removed.
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > They last a really long time.
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > Here are two types, one with the cylinder used vertically, one
>>>> > horizontally.
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > <https://mail.chemonics.net/exchange/emdelate/Drafts/RE:%20[Stoves]%20Gas%20Bottle%20TLUDs.EML/1_multipart/image001.jpg>
>>>> >
>>>> > Baseline charcoal stoves in Maputo, Mozambique
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > Regards
>>>> >
>>>> > Crispin
>>>> >
>>>> > -------------- next part --------------
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>>>> > Desc: not available
>>>> > URL:
>>>> > <http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20130228/34cc0cbb/attachment-0001.bin>
>>>> >
>>>> > ------------------------------
>>>> >
>>>> > Message: 3
>>>> > Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 13:25:04 -0800
>>>> > From: "Erin Rasmussen" <erin at trmiles.com>
>>>> > To: <biochar at yahoogroups.com>,        "'JJ Claire'"
>>>> > <pugoclaire at yahoo.com>
>>>> > Cc: 'Discussion of biomass' <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] [biochar] Re:  ~Stoves and STEM education~
>>>> > Message-ID: <010201ce15fa$13a7e2a0$3af7a7e0$@com>
>>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>>>> >
>>>> > A better source of information about the Stoves list, is our  cooking
>>>> > stoves web site:
>>>> >
>>>> > http://www.stoves.bioenergylists.org
>>>> > <http://www.stoves.bioenergylists.org/>
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > Sign up here:
>>>> > http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org
>>>> >
>>>> > and check out the  cooking stoves archive:
>>>> > http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > Let me know if you have any questions,
>>>> >
>>>> > Erin
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > TR Miles Technical Consultants Inc.    <http://www.trmiles.com/>
>>>> > http://www.trmiles.com/
>>>> >
>>>> > and BioEnergy Discussion Lists    <http://www.bioenergylists.org/>
>>>> > http://www.bioenergylists.org/
>>>> >
>>>> > erin at trmiles.com
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > T.R. Miles Technical Consultants Inc.
>>>> > 1470 SW Woodward Way
>>>> > Portland, OR, USA 97225
>>>> > Tel. 503-292-0107 Fax. 503-292-2919
>>>> >
>>>> > cell. 503-8882367
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > From: biochar at yahoogroups.com [mailto:biochar at yahoogroups.com] On
>>>> > Behalf Of rongretlarson at comcast.net
>>>> > Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2013 1:36 AM
>>>> > To: biochar at yahoogroups.com; JJ Claire; Erin Rasmussen
>>>> > Cc: Discussion of biomass
>>>> > Subject: Re: [biochar] Re: [Stoves] ~Stoves and STEM education~
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >     2.   Anyone wanting to learn more about the stove list dialog (a
>>>> > sister list, also managed by Erin) should go to
>>>> >
>>>> > http://www.mail-archive.com/stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org/maillist.html
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > _._,___
>>>> >
>>>> > -------------- next part --------------
>>>> > An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
>>>> > URL:
>>>> > <http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20130228/0c46318e/attachment-0001.html>
>>>> >
>>>> > ------------------------------
>>>> >
>>>> > Message: 4
>>>> > Date: Fri, 1 Mar 2013 07:50:00 +0530
>>>> > From: nari phaltan <nariphaltan at gmail.com>
>>>> > To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves
>>>> >       <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>>>> > Subject: Re: [Stoves] Skoll article on HAP research
>>>> > Message-ID:
>>>> >
>>>> > <CAGeG2tBO24Ht5_RQmbLewRO3k+Y6O5=wrGtVWs62QOugHYA3xw at mail.gmail.com>
>>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>>>> >
>>>> > This might be of interest to the stovers that kerosene can be made
>>>> > into a
>>>> > very clean burning fuel just like LPG.
>>>> > http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/Lantern%20that%20cooks.pdf
>>>> >
>>>> > Cheers.
>>>> >
>>>> > Anil
>>>> >
>>>> > On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 11:19 PM, Christina Espinosa <
>>>> > c_espinosa1 at u.pacific.edu> wrote:
>>>> >
>>>> >> Here is an article about stoves and kerosene you all might find of
>>>> >> interest:
>>>> >>
>>>> >>
>>>> >>
>>>> >> https://skollworldforum.org/2013/02/27/where-theres-smoke-theres-fire-a-call-to-action-for-better-indoor-air-pollution-research/
>>>> >>
>>>> >> _______________________________________________
>>>> >> Stoves mailing list
>>>> >>
>>>> >> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
>>>> >> stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org
>>>> >>
>>>> >> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
>>>> >>
>>>> >>
>>>> >> http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org
>>>> >>
>>>> >> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves,  News and Information see our web
>>>> >> site:
>>>> >> http://www.bioenergylists.org/
>>>> >>
>>>> >>
>>>> >>
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > --
>>>> > Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI)
>>>> > Tambmal, Phaltan-Lonand Road
>>>> > P.O.Box 44
>>>> > Phaltan-415523, Maharashtra, India
>>>> > Ph:91-2166-222396/220945
>>>> > e-mail:nariphaltan at gmail.com
>>>> >          anilrajvanshi at gmail.com
>>>> >
>>>> > http://www.nariphaltan.org
>>>> > -------------- next part --------------
>>>> > An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
>>>> > URL:
>>>> > <http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20130301/50413c25/attachment-0001.html>
>>>> >
>>>> > ------------------------------
>>>> >
>>>> > Message: 5
>>>> > Date: Fri, 1 Mar 2013 00:38:11 -0500
>>>> > From: Lloyd Helferty <lhelferty at sympatico.ca>
>>>> > To: Biochar-Policy <biochar-policy at yahoogroups.com>,  Discussion of
>>>> >       biomass cooking stoves <stoves at lists.bioenergylists.org>
>>>> > Subject: [Stoves] Fwd: Re: [Sfpnotices] Green Energy Solves Dual
>>>> >       Crises of Poverty and Climate
>>>> > Message-ID: <BLU0-SMTP8737D43D68225A4170FCCEC0FF0 at phx.gbl>
>>>> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; Format="flowed"
>>>> >
>>>> > FYI
>>>> >
>>>> >   Lloyd Helferty, Engineering Technologist
>>>> >   Principal, Biochar Consulting (Canada)
>>>> >   www.biochar-consulting.ca
>>>> >   48 Suncrest Blvd, Thornhill, ON, Canada
>>>> >   905-707-8754
>>>> >   CELL: 647-886-8754
>>>> >      Skype: lloyd.helferty
>>>> >   Steering Committee coordinator
>>>> >   Canadian Biochar Initiative (CBI)
>>>> >   President, Co-founder & CBI Liaison, Biochar-Ontario
>>>> >   National Office, Canadian Carbon Farming Initiative (CCFI)
>>>> >   Partner of Toronto Urban Ag Summitwww.urbanagsummit.org
>>>> >   Manager, Biochar Offsets Group:
>>>> >            http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475
>>>> >    Advisory Committee Member, IBI
>>>> >   http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717
>>>> >   http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675
>>>> >   http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario
>>>> >   http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/
>>>> >   http://www.biocharontario.ca
>>>> >    www.biochar.ca
>>>> >
>>>> > "Whenever you are asked if you can do a job, tell 'em, 'Certainly I
>>>> > can!' Then get busy and find out how to do it."
>>>> >  - Theodore Roosevelt
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > -------- Original Message --------
>>>> > Subject:      Re: [Sfpnotices] Green Energy Solves Dual Crises of
>>>> > Poverty
>>>> > and Climate
>>>> > Date:         Tue, 26 Feb 2013 21:23:44 -0500
>>>> > From:         Robert Korol
>>>> > To:   Sfp Notices-list" <sfpnotices at physics.utoronto.ca>
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > Carla - thank goodness we are getting the power houses of our economic
>>>> > engines like the*World Bank*  on side with respect to green energy.
>>>> >  Maybe there is hope for the world after all!
>>>> >
>>>> > Bob
>>>> >
>>>> > On Tue, 26 Feb 2013 20:42:37 -0500
>>>> >  "Carla"<carla.wong at utoronto.ca>  wrote:
>>>> >> Source:
>>>> >>
>>>> >>
>>>> >> http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/02/green-energy-solves-dual-crises-of-poverty-and-climate/
>>>> >>
>>>> >>
>>>> >> Green Energy Solves Dual Crises of Poverty and Climate
>>>> >>
>>>> >> By Stephen Leahy
>>>> >>
>>>> >>
>>>> >> UXBRIDGE, Canada, Feb 25 2013 (IPS) - Green energy is the only way to
>>>> >> bring
>>>> >> billions of people out of energy poverty and prevent a climate
>>>> >> disaster, a
>>>> >> new study reveals.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> Conservative institutions like the World Bank, the International
>>>> >> Energy
>>>> >> Agency and accounting giant Price Waterhouse Coopers (PwC) all warn
>>>> >> humanity
>>>> >> is on a path to climate catastrophe unless fossil fuel energy is
>>>> >> replaced by
>>>> >> green energy.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> The U.N.'s/*Sustainable Energy for All*/  initiative intends to bring
>>>> >> universal
>>>> >> access to modern energy, doubling the share of renewable energy
>>>> >> globally,
>>>> >> and doubling the rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> Poverty eradication, sustainable development and the transition away
>>>> >> from
>>>> >> fossil fuel energy go hand in hand.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> If those targets are met and similar efforts undertaken to*reduce
>>>> >> deforestation*, then climate disaster can be avoided, said Joeri
>>>> >> Rogelj of
>>>> >> the<http://www.iac.ethz.ch/>   Institute for Atmospheric and Climate
>>>> >> Science
>>>> >> in Zurich  who headed the analysis published Sunday in the journal
>>>> >> <http://www.nature.com/nclimate/index.html>  Nature Climate Change.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> "Poverty eradication, sustainable development and the transition away
>>>> >> from
>>>> >> fossil fuel energy go hand in hand," Rogelj told IPS.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> The U.N.<http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org/>  Sustainable Energy
>>>> >> for
>>>> >> All (SE4All)  initiative is ambitious, but brings a wide range of
>>>> >> benefits
>>>> >> including improvements in health, less air pollution and makes the
>>>> >> all-important break from increasing fossil fuel energy use. The
>>>> >> analysis
>>>> >> shows the costs of SE4All is far less than the public subsidies the
>>>> >> fossil
>>>> >> fuel industry currently receives, he said.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> Nearly three billion people still use fire for cooking and heating.
>>>> >> Of
>>>> >> those, some 1.5 billion people have no access to electricity. For a
>>>> >> billion
>>>> >> more, their only access is to sporadic and unreliable electricity
>>>> >> networks.
>>>> >> Indoor air pollution from burning dung, charcoal, and wood for
>>>> >> heating and
>>>> >> cooking leads to nearly two million premature deaths of women and
>>>> >> children
>>>> >> every year, more than all the deaths from malaria and tuberculosis.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> Dirty fossil fuel energy is also a major health hazard in industrial
>>>> >> countries, responsible for 50,000 to 100,000 premature deaths and 400
>>>> >> billion dollars in health costs a year in the U.S. alone, said Mark
>>>> >> Jacobson
>>>> >> an energy expert at Stanford University in California.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> "In the European Union, it is 350,000 premature deaths a year,"
>>>> >> Jacobson
>>>> >> told IPS.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> SE4All was first announced in 2009. "Energy interacts with all of the
>>>> >> development challenges we face," Kandeh Yumkella, director-general of
>>>> >> the
>>>> >> United Nations Industrial Development Organisation
>>>> >>
>>>> >> <http://www.ipsnews.net/2009/06/development-green-energy-for-all-by-2030/>
>>>> >> told IPS at the launch.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> Energy experts calculate that decentralised, off-grid technologies
>>>> >> like
>>>> >> wind, solar, geothermal and micro-hydro energy generation are the
>>>> >> fastest
>>>> >> and most cost effective solutions. Extending current electrical grids
>>>> >> only
>>>> >> makes economic sense to meet 15-20 percent of the need due to the
>>>> >> high
>>>> >> costs.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> SE4All is well under way now, with more than 50 developing countries
>>>> >> working
>>>> >> on national plans to achieve the three goals of universal access,
>>>> >> increasing
>>>> >> renewable energy, and doubling the rate of improvement in energy
>>>> >> efficiency.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> Since 80 percent of human carbon dioxide emissions come from the
>>>> >> global
>>>> >> energy system, Rogelj and colleagues at the International Institute
>>>> >> for
>>>> >> Applied Systems Analysis in Laxenberg, Austria wanted to quantify the
>>>> >> impact
>>>> >> on the global climate.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> "Achieving the three SE4ALL objectives could put the world on a path
>>>> >> towards
>>>> >> global climate protection," they
>>>> >>
>>>> >> <http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate1806.html
>>>> >>> conclude in their paper "The UN's 'Sustainable Energy for All'
>>>> >>> initiative
>>>> >> is compatible with a warming limit of 2 ?C".
>>>> >>
>>>> >> "Doing energy right will promote the Millennium Development Goals,
>>>> >> such as
>>>> >> poverty eradication and social empowerment, and at the same time
>>>> >> kick-start
>>>> >> the transition to a lower-carbon economy," says IIASA researcher
>>>> >> David
>>>> >> McCollum, who also worked on the study.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> "But the U.N.'s objectives must be complemented by a global agreement
>>>> >> on
>>>> >> controlling greenhouse gas emissions."
>>>> >>
>>>> >> Even if the targets are achieved, explosive economic growth coupled
>>>> >> with
>>>> >> greater energy use will overwhelm the climate protection benefits of
>>>> >> SE4All.
>>>> >> "There is an explicit need for a global cap on emissions," said
>>>> >> Rogelj .
>>>> >>
>>>> >> Global carbon emissions were about 52 gigatonnes (billion metric
>>>> >> tonnes) in
>>>> >> 2012 and that means fossil fuel energy use must decline so emissions
>>>> >> are
>>>> >> about 41-47 Gt by 2020 to have a reasonable chance of keeping global
>>>> >> warming
>>>> >> below two degrees C.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> The shift to green energy is under way. Every new megawatt added to
>>>> >> the U.S.
>>>> >> electricity supply in January came from renewables, and more than
>>>> >> half of
>>>> >> all new electricity generation in 2012 was also from renewables, not
>>>> >> gas as
>>>> >> often believed.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> Iceland has 81 percent renewable energy. Scotland has a mandate to
>>>> >> achieve
>>>> >> 100 percent renewable power supply by 2020. Denmark passed laws
>>>> >> requiring
>>>> >> that the whole energy supply - electricity, heating/cooling, and
>>>> >> transportation - be met by renewable resources.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> Stanford's Jackobson, among others, have proposed detailed plans on
>>>> >> how to
>>>> >> meet 100 percent of the world's energy needs with green energy.
>>>> >> Jacobson
>>>> >> believes it could be done as soon as 2030.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> Costs for the SE4All plan are relatively modest at between 30 and 40
>>>> >> billion
>>>> >> dollars a year, a fraction of the 523 billion dollars in subsides for
>>>> >> dirty
>>>> >> energy in 2011, according to the International Energy Agency. By
>>>> >> 2030, 300
>>>> >> billion dollars a year will be needed to bring electricity into every
>>>> >> home
>>>> >> on the planet and prevent catastrophic climate change.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> Fossil fuel emission reductions will have to continue after 2030 and
>>>> >> eventually decline to near zero in order to stay below two degrees C,
>>>> >> said
>>>> >> Rogelj.
>>>> >>
>>>> >> - See more at:
>>>> >>
>>>> >> http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/02/green-energy-solves-dual-crises-of-poverty-and-climate/#sthash.bCVEtR8U.dpuf
>>>> >>
>>>> >>
>>>> >
>>>> > - - - - - - -
>>>> > Robert Korol
>>>> > Professor emeritus, Civil Engineering
>>>> > McMaster University
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > -------------- next part --------------
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>>>> >
>>>> > ------------------------------
>>>> >
>>>> > Subject: Digest Footer
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>>>> > ------------------------------
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>>>> > End of Stoves Digest, Vol 31, Issue 1
>>>> > *************************************
>>>> >
>>>>
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***
Dr. A.D. Karve
Trustee & Founder President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)




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